gwd sc求助

caesa

Although he is as brilliant as. if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
A Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
B Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy with his thesis remaining unfinished.  
C Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis.
D Despite his being brilliant as, if not more brilliant than his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis.  
E Being as brilliant as, or more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
为什么A和B不可以，这个独立主格有人说只有主谓宾能用，主谓表不能用，对么

Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different
temperatures and densities.
A.      prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of
B.  prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by
C.  its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by
D.  its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result of
E   preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by  
B为什么不行？C选项是个什么结构，同位语从句？它加了主语（its energy）却没有be动词，另外过去分词可以是不是不像现在分词那么灵活，只有做后者定语的时候两者用法类似？SVO,Doing，没有svo，done是么...那个做后置定语的时候仿照S,doing，vo， 过去分词S，done，vo对么
Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
A that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析A选项
B of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析B选项
C by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析C选项
D by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity  分析D选项
E by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析E选项
这里实在比较不出来A和C差在哪里
The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A.        The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
B.        It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
C.        By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
D.        To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
E.        The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
1这个题目我排除ABC用了 名词A of B 优于 A‘s B（我认为A‘s B只能用于A是人的时候） ，可以这么排除么
2 DE差别在哪，有人说D逻辑有问题，有人说D没有用将来时，我感觉D的逻辑说的过去啊
谢谢各位帮忙

caesa

ddd.

lorinlee

Although he is as brilliant as. if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
A Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
B Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy with his thesis remaining unfinished.  
C Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis.
D Despite his being brilliant as, if not more brilliant than his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis.  
E Being as brilliant as, or more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished.
为什么A和B不可以，这个独立主格有人说只有主谓宾能用，主谓表不能用，对么

A 中thesis will be unfinished ，用了被动，没有下面用主动的表达好；
B with...伴随状语，我的理解是一般翻译为“随着……”， 这个和句意对不上。

lorinlee

Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different
temperatures and densities.
A.  prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of
B.  prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by
C.  its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by
D.  its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result of
E   preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by  
B为什么不行？C选项是个什么结构，同位语从句？它加了主语（its energy）却没有be动词，另外过去分词可以是不是不像现在分词那么灵活，只有做后者定语的时候两者用法类似？SVO,Doing，没有svo，done是么...那个做后置定语的时候仿照S,doing，vo， 过去分词S，done，vo对么

B， 1）确实没见过", done"这种用法； 2）prevent “防止”的意思，把句子写出来应该是 acoustic energy is prevented from dissipating，having 放在里面不知道想要表达什么意思。
C， 就是同位语，energy(which is)prevented， 没有be动词是因为省了，用ved修饰名词同时表达被动之意，是常见的方式。

lorinlee

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
A that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析A选项
B of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析B选项
C by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析C选项
D by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity  分析D选项
E by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析E选项
这里实在比较不出来A和C差在哪里

AC的差别关键在于理解process和produce的意思和关系。你把AC两句话翻译一下就明白。A“过程 产生和使它易理解” ， C"通过这个过程 它被产生和被理解"。  process不能作两个动词的主语。

lorinlee

The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A.        The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
B.        It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
C.        By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
D.        To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.
E.        The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
1这个题目我排除ABC用了 名词A of B 优于 A‘s B（我认为A‘s B只能用于A是人的时候） ，可以这么排除么
2 DE差别在哪，有人说D逻辑有问题，有人说D没有用将来时，我感觉D的逻辑说的过去啊
谢谢各位帮忙

这个题我会选D，感觉DE差别不大，我分不出来。如果一定要排除，只能说The United States petroleum industry’s cost 用得不是很好。 这题应该不是官方题吧，我没见过。

AMIGOYM

看一下！               

guoyilin2015

Although he is as brilliant as. if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished. A Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished. B Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy with his thesis remaining unfinished.   C Although he is as brilliant as, if not more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis. D Despite his being brilliant as, if not more brilliant than his fellow students, he is very lazy and will not finish his thesis.   E Being as brilliant as, or more brilliant than, many of his fellow students, he is very lazy and his thesis will be unfinished. 为什么A和B不可以，这个独立主格有人说只有主谓宾能用，主谓表不能用，对么

独立主格一般有逗号分隔，而且没有and。
对于能不能修饰主系表结构我不确定，PREP08笔记190题写的是不能，因为独立主格表伴随。
不过我觉得这么写应该也可以： He is very lazy, (with) his thesis unfinished.
A 不带逗号的and不能连接两个完整的句子
B thesis不能发出remain的动作，所以remaining错

guoyilin2015

Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers of different
temperatures and densities.
A.      prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of
B.  prevented from having its acoustic energy dissipated by
C.  its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by
D.  its acoustic energy prevented from being dissipated as a result of
E   preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by  
B为什么不行？C选项是个什么结构，同位语从句？它加了主语（its energy）却没有be动词，另外过去分词可以是不是不像现在分词那么灵活，只有做后者定语的时候两者用法类似？SVO,Doing，没有svo，done是么...那个做后置定语的时候仿照S,doing，vo， 过去分词S，done，vo对么


C 独立主格 S1V, S2 doing/done修饰前句表伴随，描述声波是如何在水中传播
SVO, done与SVO, doing修饰类似，只不过doing是S发出动作，done是S作为动作对象
RON：comma + "__ed" can follow the same principles as comma + "__ing". namely, it can modify the entire preceding sentence/action/clause.
B 可能是被动表述wordy吧。。

guoyilin2015

Research during the past several decades on the nature of language and the processes that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity.
A that produce and make it understandable has revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析A选项
B of producing and understanding it have revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析B选项
C by which it is produced and understood has revealed not underlying simplicity but great complexity  分析C选项
D by which it is produced and understood have revealed great complexity rather than underlying simplicity  分析D选项
E by which one produces and understands it have revealed great complexity instead of underlying simplicity  分析E选项
这里实在比较不出来A和C差在哪里

A 不是process发出produce和make动作，是通过process由某个主语produce和make
另外：
Manhattan SC:
SUSPECT: He wrote with pencils INSTEAD OF pens.
Note: The GMAT seems to avoid INSTEAD OF even when it is correct.
He wrote with pencils, BUT NOT pens.