[求助]如何判断现在分词做形容词是否表持续?

薰衣紫草

大全784  The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.

(A) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies

(B) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs that have increased at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting

(C) one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, private colleges that increased their tuition costs, and recruiting improvements by the academies

(D) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, tuition costs increasing at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting（A）

(E) fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and academies improving their recruiting

虽然第一次做错了, 但通过意义对称as well as形式对称, 承认A是最优. 但看下一句:

OG106. The decision by one of the nation’s largest banks to admit to $3 billion in potential losses on foreign loans could mean less lending by commercial banks to developing countries and increasing the pressure on multigovernment lenders to supply the funds.

(A) increasing the pressure

(B) the increasing pressure

(C) increased pressure

(D) the pressure increased（C）

(E) the pressure increasing

关键在OG的解释:

The best answer will complete the phrase could mean less lending with a construction that is parallel to less lending. Here less is an adjective modifying lending, which functions as a noun in naming a banking activity. C, the best choice, parallels this adjective + noun construction with increased [adjective] pressure [noun]. Choice A violates parallelism by introducing a phrase in place of the adjective + noun construction. Choices D and E also fail to parallel the adjective + noun construction. In choice B, the definite article the needlessly suggests that some previously mentioned type of pressure is being referred to, and increasing implies without warrant that the increase has been continuing for some indefinite period of time, not that it occurs as a consequence of the bank’s decision.

问题 :  OG106因为用了现在分词而否定B, 可大全784的A也是现在分词, 难道就有warrant? 我没看出来.

Avantasia

OG106的分词这里后面接的动词，应该是动词的性质，要有逻辑主语（别抬杠，GWD确实有没有的，但是正确的答案是比较出来的），大全那题的increasing是形容词，不需要逻辑主语。

薰衣紫草

你怎么知道我要抬这个杠?

Avantasia

因为所以。

比如说被动语态吧，OG里面有的题目明确说了用了的话会造成没有施动者，但是在某些特殊情况下是要用的，OG里面还是有的，比如说飞机关门的那题。

掌握规律，记住特例，考试的时候先规律后特例。

ring_cheng

谈点个人看法：现在完成时可以用来表示过去某时间发生的，并且一直持续到现在（可能也会在将来发生）的事情，因此在：increasing 可以看作是一个持续中的动作。

大全784  The nation’s three military academies have seen a dramatic rise in applications, one fueled by a resurgence of patriotism, increasing tuition costs at private colleges, and improved recruiting by the academies.

而OG的解释表示了，是银行做决定之后的结果才产生了pressure（the decision .... could mean.... and increased pressure......)，另外也没有时间状语表明这是个“正在不断增加的压力”

In choice B, the definite article the needlessly suggests that some previously mentioned type of pressure is being referred to, and increasing implies without warrant that the increase has been continuing for some indefinite period of time, not that it occurs as a consequence of the bank’s decision.

Avantasia

现在完成时不表示对将来的预期

ring_cheng

以下是引用-Aquarius-在2005-4-14 21:27:00的发言：

现在完成时不表示对将来的预期

在Kaplan的SC说明文件中有关于现在完成时的说明，因为是ACROBAT文件，我就自己先写上吧（可不是我自己编得哟）：

Use the present perfect for actions and states that happen a number of times in the past and may happen again in the future.

eg. Italy has had many changes since World War II.

Use the present perfect for actions and states that started in the past and continue up to and into present time.

Use the present perfect for something that happened at an unspecified time in the past.

薰衣紫草

但是OG里却很明确的说现在完成时不表示将来.

88.   The Emperor Augustus, it appears, commissioned an idealized sculpture portrait, the features of which are so unrealistic as to constitute what one scholar calls an “artificial face.”

(A) so unrealistic as to constitute

(B) so unrealistic they constituted

(C) so unrealistic that they have constituted

(D) unrealistic enough so that they constitute（A）

(E) unrealistic enough so as to constitute

The verbs are and calls indicate that the sculpture is being viewed and judged in the present. Thus, neither the past tense verb constituted (in B) nor the present perfect verb have constituted (in C) is correct; both suggest that the statue’s features once constituted an artificial face but no longer do so. Also, B would be better if that were inserted after so unrealistic, although the omission of that is not ungrammatical. Choices D and E use unidiomatic constructions with enough: unrealistic enough to constitute would be idiomatic, but the use of enough is imprecise and awkward in this context. Choice A, which uses the clear, concise, and idiomatic construction so unrealistic as to constitute, is best.

Avantasia

OG是众神之神

二狼神

原来K和OG自己的定义域差别不少.