请教including在句尾的用法

saken

including在句尾作定语应就近修饰名词，那这题including怎么解释

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
   
2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
   
3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
   
4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
   
5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of （d）

还有我听说including还有作介词的用法，具体怎么用呢

薰衣紫草

including本身就是介词啊, 你的这个例子就是回答了你的问题了呀

saken

那作介词短语怎么判断其后所结成分修饰什么呢，譬如这题establishing size limits for shark catches。。。 从意思判断吗

天蝎座1107

以下是引用saken在2005-4-13 1:53:00的发言：

including在句尾作定语应就近修饰名词，那这题including怎么解释

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states to undertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits.

1. which includes the establishment of size limits for shark catches, closing
                   
   
2. which includes establishing limits to the size of sharks that can be caught, closing
                   
   
3. which include the establishment of size limits for shark catches, the closing of
                   
   
4. including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing
                   
   
5. including the establishing of limits to the size of sharks that are caught, the closing of （d）

刚才还在困惑including到底怎么用。看了熏衣紫草MM的解释，豁然开朗啊!解题之余还要再感叹一次佩服一次MM的精神，MM的文笔，在这里自叹弗如了。

那么这个题中including做介词，后面的动词就要跟ing形式，当然也是因为未划线部分的requring而不是requirement。这句话还原就是A study by the OWC urged states to undertake a number of remedies (including the establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for shark fishing during pupping season, and requring commercial fishers to have federal shark permits)to reverse a decline in the shark populartion. 因为including那一部分太长了所以把它拿出来放在最后。

今天明白including怎么回事了。新prep了我记得有考include题的。