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比较之庖丁解牛帖子汇总 花了一上午的时间看了所有帖子,总结如下： 难点摘要： 1. 这句话“Rice hasprotein of higher quality than sugur”有歧义 2. ETS比较的宗旨： 对主谓宾全的句型
主语比较： A do sth than B do（若没有歧义，do可以省略）.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）
介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）
宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词）
状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语）
3. AS族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS宗旨不变 4. Usual vs Is Usual When something is compared to itself, usual isfine.
When something is compared toa subgroup to which it belongs, is usual should be used. 5. 为什么than five yearsago不对，. OG 13上有一道题than they do now也是同样的道理。道理是：省略的前提是比较前后的时态一致，如果是过去和现在比较，动词依然不能省略 6. 介宾短语的比较 ==》这种比较需要和宾语比较进行区分，一定要补出介词。其原因是介宾短语中的宾语和整句的宾语在句中成分不同，需要强调出是哪些在比较，消除歧义。另一个是这个介宾短语不能是句子主语的修饰成分比较，如果是，则需要变换成主语比较形式。 7. AS poor as they are, they cannot afford a car. They是poor的主语，而且必须能是。改错时要检查They是不是poor的主语。 8. City dweller have a higher death rate than do country people.
这个句子到底是不是倒装？
You can switch order, but "does he" isnot generally used. 另外推荐国外一个人的语法总结： http://www.mbatutes.com/downloads/Rajat_nda-SC-notes.pdf 一下是帖子汇总详解： file:///C:/DOCUME~1/LUCKY/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif 发表于 2005-4-4 11:44:00 | 只看该作者[原创]比较之庖丁解牛 | 刚考完GMAT，VABAL44，受惠于CD很久，也希望对后人能栽点树，我想就我对比较的认识写点东西。我把OG上所有的比较都总结了一下，发现GMAT比较是有家规的，看似花样百出，实际是有章可循的，看下题
OG19
请大家分析以下比较在ETS看的含义
Rice has protein of higher quality than wheta does.(主语比较，Rice 与wheat比）
意义：米有高质蛋白质，麦没有。
Rice has protein of higher quality than of lower quality(介宾比较，of higher 与 of lower比）
意义：米有高质蛋白质而非低质蛋白质
Rice has protein of higher quality than that in wheat(宾语比较，protein 与protein(that指代)比
Rice has protein of higher quality than sugur.（宾语比较，protein 与sugar比）
意义：米中的蛋白质比麦中蛋白质质量高
意义：米中的高质蛋白质比糖多。 笔者：注意： 这句话“Rice has protein of higher quality than sugur”有歧义。
请看如下的解释： You can switch order, but "does he" is not generally used. You're more likely to see the verb before the pronoun when the things being compared take additional words to describe:
People who prepare for the GMAT tend to score higher than do those who take it sight unseen.
You might also add a verb, such as "does," to eliminate ambiguity from a sentence such as "I like pie more than my brother." Do I like pie more than my brother likes pie, or do I like pie more than I like my brother? I can clear this up by adding "does":
I like pie more than does my brother.
_________________
Dmitry Farber
Manhattan GMAT Instructor Rice has protein of higher quality than usual/everbfore/1000 years ago/people expected(状语比较）
意义：米比通常/经往/多年前/人们预测/的蛋白质质量要高。
下面我们谈比较之庖丁解牛
对主谓宾全的句型
主语比较： A do sth than B do（若没有歧义，do可以省略）.（AB为对等名词，加do是为了显示这是一个可以发出动作的名词，因而确定是主语，进而确定是主语对比）
介宾比较 A do sth of C1 by D1 than of C2 by D2.（C1C2，D1D2对等名词）
宾语比较 A do C1 than C2.(C1C2为对等名词）
状语比较A do sth than usual/everbefore/people expected(直接加状语）
ETS就这几下子，原则就是清楚地指示什么跟什么比。
按照这个原理，对下一种句型只有主谓，没有宾语的句子，因为没有宾语，只可能有主语比较，因而不需要重复do来确认这是一个可发出动作的主语，所以其比较形式如下：
I eat faster than you.注意与下句区别
I eat apple faster than you do
如果写成 I eat apple faster than you 按ETS的理解，从语法上就变成我吃苹果比吃你快，成了宾语比较。逻辑上显然不通。（注意：有时do可以省略）
AS族的比较大同小异，as 可单独引导比较，也可以复合成as many as, as hard as 等形式，但ETS宗旨不变，如
Sand road costs twice as many to build as to manintain(类似于介宾比较）
Sand road costs twice as many to build as stone road do(主语比较,）
Sand road costs the govement twice（twice是副词） as many to build as the residents.(宾语比较） 因为twice是副词，所以不能这样写： Sand road costs the government twice to build as many as the residents.
其中road costs government twice语法不正确。Twice是副词，是修辞many的，所以放在as many的前面。
ETS考过AS比较的习惯用法（不受上述限制，如下）
AS poor as they are, they cannot afford a car.
They have 800million students, as many as have enrolled in our school.
(注意以上都是用逗号隔开的句子，AS在这里的作用更类似连词，连接一个主句和一个从句）
R这句说成： They have as many 800 million students as have enrolled in our school.就不对。因为many 800 million students不对，所以把as many as整个放在后面了，就要用逗号。
注意AS有时不表比较的如as you work hard, you will pass the exam.表原因了。
There be 句型等同于一般的主谓宾俱全的句型
OG89
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as there were four years ago(主语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as DVD player(宾语比较)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as for school teachers.(介宾比交)
There is one PC for every 32 pupils in American four time as many as in china(介宾比较)
以上的钢领代入EST的OG几乎都成立，在我这次实战中也成立，但GWD中有一题是例外的，也就是说并没有放之四海而皆准的真理，清楚，简洁，合理才是ETS的最高宗旨。 |
orm24-15 (考古p.53#15)
The Parthenon is larger than usual fora Doric temple, with eight columns on the short sides and seventeen on the longones rather than the typical six and thirteen.
A) usual
B) is usual
C) has been usual
D) one usually is
E) it is usual
答案是 (B) 这个题补足is清晰的表达了要比较的内容是Parthenon跟其他for aDoric的temple。如果不补足is，读起来有种感觉就是P自己变大了，largerthan usual。 She ismore pretty than usual for an office lady 体会这个歧义. http://www.manhattangmat.com/forums/the-parthenon-is-larger-than-usual-for-a-doric-temple-t1019.html
Whensomething is compared to a subgroup to which it belongs, 'is usual' should beused. When something is compared to itself, 'usual' is fine. Usual vs Is Usual When something is compared to itself, usual isfine.
When something is compared toa subgroup to which it belongs, is usual should be used. 具体解释可参见：http://gmat-grammar.blogspot.com/2008/04/usual-vs-is-usual.html 有以下疑问，请指教： Rice has protein of higher quality than sugur.（宾语比较，protein 与sugar比）
意义：米中的高质蛋白质比糖多。？这种比较是否造成歧义？ 受此启发，觉得lz的总结方式有一点瑕疵
我以为比较句的根本结构是 ···比较级···than···
比较的对象最终一定落实到“比较级”修饰的东西上！
“请大家分析以下比较在ETS看的含义
Rice has protein of higher quality than wheta does.(主语比较，Rice 与wheat比）
Rice has protein of higher quality than of lower quality(介宾比较，of higher 与 of lower比）
Rice has proteinof higher quality than that in wheat(宾语比较，protein 与protein(that指代)比
Rice has protein ofhigher quality than sugur.（宾语比较，protein 与sugar比）
Rice has protein of higher quality than usual/everbfore/1000 years ago/peopleexpected(状语比较）”
所以在这5个例子中，红线句是错的，没有比较的意义，higher修饰的是quality，而前后比较的是2 种成分（protein和sugur）！ 比较状语得时候也需要补充主谓吧，不能直接加时间状语。
例如： A large rise in the number of housingstarts in the coming year should boost new construction dollars by severalbillion dollars, making the construction industry's economic health much morerobust than five years ago.
(A) making the construction industry's economic health much more robust thanfive years ago
(B) and make the construction industry's economic health much more robust thanfive years ago
(C) making the construction industry's economic healthmuch more robust than it was five years ago
(D) to make the construction industry's economic healthmuch more robust than five years ago
(E) in making the construction industry's economic health much more robust thanit was five years ago 这道题，为什么than fiveyears ago不对，. OG 13上有一道题than they do now也是同样的道理。道理是：省略的前提是比较前后的时态一致，如果是过去和现在比较，动词依然不能省略
A studycommissioned by the Department of Agriculture showed that if calves exerciseand associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gainweight quicker than do those raised in confinement.
(A)associated with other calves, they will require less medication and gain weightquicker than do
(B)associated with other calves, they require less medication and gain weightquicker than
(C)associate with other calves, they required less medication and will gain weightquicker than do
(D)associate with other calves, they have required less medication and will gainweight more quickly than do
(E)associate with other calves, they require less medication and gain weight morequickly than Ans: E 没有歧义的情况下, 就可以省略助动词 (OG46: those已明确指代了主语)
lz总结得真好！ 有个问题：主系表结构的句子比较应该与主谓（没有宾语）类的相同吧，不需要系动词。 OG中的例子： OG-118
The question of whether to divest themselves of stock in companies that dobusiness in South Africa is particularly troublesome for the nation's 116private Black colleges because their economic bases
are often more fragile than
those of mostpredominantly White colleges. OG-137
In 1982 the median income for married-couple families with awage-earning wife was
$9,000 more than
that for familiesin which only the husbandthan was employed. OG-118, OG-137省略了动词，但省略的前提是比较前后的时态一致，如果是过去和现在比较，动词依然不能省略。
补充一下刚才关于主系表的：如果前后时态相同，可以省略系动词。 如果时态不同，则需要补出。如： The economy of Florida is
more diversified than
it
was tenyears ago.
According to analysts, an alliance betweenthree major personal computer companies and most of the nation’s largest localtelephone companies would enable customers to receive Internet data overregular telephone lines with speeds much higher than is currentlypossible. A. with speeds much higher than is B. with speeds that are much higher thanare C. at much higher speeds as are D. at much higher speeds than that E. at speeds much higher than are Ans: E 介宾短语的比较 ==》这种比较需要和宾语比较进行区分，一定要补出介词。其原因是介宾短语中的宾语和整句的宾语在句中成分不同，需要强调出是那些在比较，消除歧义。另一个是这个介宾短语不能是句子主语的修饰成分比较，如果是，则需要变换成主语比较形式。 所以此题不是比较speeds，而是比较主语 Certain pesticides can become ineffectiveif used repeatedly in the same place: one reason is suggested by the findingthat there are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soilswith a relatively long history of pesticide use than in soils that are free ofsuch chemicals. A Certain pesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in thesame place: one reason is suggested by the finding that there are much largerpopulations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively longhistory of pesticide use than in soils that are free of such chemicals. B If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason（主谓bu一致） thatcertain pesticides can become ineffective is suggested by the finding thatthere are much larger populations of pesticide-degrading microbes in soils with a relatively long historyof pesticide use than in soils thatare free of such chemicals. C If used repeatedly in the same place, one reason （主谓bu一致）certainpesticides can become ineffective is suggested by the finding that much largerpopulations of pesticide-degrading microbes are found in soils with a relatively long history of pesticide use than those that are free of suchchemicals. D The finding that there are much larger populations ofpesticide-degrading microbes in soils witha relatively long history of pesticide use thanin soils that are free of such chemicals is suggestive of （wordy）one reason,if used repeatedly in the same place, certain pesticides can becomeineffective. E The finding of much larger populations of pesticide-degradingmicrobes in soils with a relativelylong history of pesticide use than inthose that are free of such chemicals suggests one reason （缺少why）certainpesticides can become ineffective if used repeatedly in the same place. Ans: A 此题说明：介宾短语的比较 ==》这种比较需要和宾语比较进行区分，一定要补出介词。其原因是介宾短语中的宾语和整句的宾语在句中成分不同，需要强调出是那些在比较，消除歧义。另一个是这个介宾短语不能是句子主语的修饰成分比较，如果是，则需要变换成主语比较形式。 thesubject of the as ... as clause (young recruits) should be the subject of the main clause as well(e.g., they). Furthermore, main clauses followingconcessive clauses must express a contrasting notion: for example, "Asill-prepared as they are, they nevertheless find good jobs 所以：AS poor as they are, they cannot afford a car. They是poor的主语，而且必须能是。 There is a widespread belief in the United States and Western Europe thatyoung people have a smaller commitment to work and a career than theirparents and grandparents and that the source of the change lies in thecollapse of the "work ethic." x(A) a smallercommitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents x(B) less of acommitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents x(C) a smallercommitment to work and a career than that of their parents and grandparents (D) less of acommitment to work and a career than their parents and grandparents had (E) a lesseningof the commitment to work and a career that their parents and grandparents had(lessening就不是比较级了，所以不对) Ans: D A,B,C的父母都应该用past tense 我花了一下午像打了春药似得看完上面这个帖后，如痴如醉得总结出了自己的一个长篇大论，且辅以巨量例子，但是，但是，基本上被楼主打败了，楼主总结得奇好，且清晰简单，特别是“没有宾语的主谓结构 不需要补助动词”的比较这一点上，本人用冗长的语言——“主谓宾结构中不比较主语与动作的情况”——来表达了…叹服……
另外，楼主少总结了一个总系表结构，不过已经有人补充了
最后，我看大家都没有说一点，就是THOSE/that，嘿嘿，俺来显
在比较与主句主语或谓语不同的成分的时候，句子自然会加不同的名词
在比较与主句主语或谓语类同的成分的时候，如果有限定解释N的成分如（定从、ed修饰等等）时，加that/those（状从的情况下有时候不加）。
file:///C:/DOCUME~1/LUCKY/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif 发表于 2010-4-4 21:06:53 | 只看该作者| Rice has protein of higher quality than of lower quality(介宾比较，of higher 与 of lower比）
意义：米有高质蛋白质而非低质蛋白质
不好意，想问个问题，这个句子than后面是不是该加个that呢？用来指导protein?因为比较的是protein of high quality and protein of low quality? |
回答ls的问题：
根据as or than 引导的比较从句的省略的原则, 比较从句的主语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省去，常常保留作为状语的介词短语或状语从句。
根据lz的例子，这道题是介宾比较，应该适用上述原则。
AlthoughNapoleon's army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in theirprevious campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns
(E) for any previous campaign Ans: E __ 是不是还要很多特殊句式之类，譬如今天做到一个As would be the case with.... _______ 我觉得状语比较省略那里总结得有点瑕疵哈·或许大牛总结时GMAT远没有现在变态。。。自己YY。。。
我认为（仅是我做题的感觉）
1.只有在前面主谓宾状than主谓宾状的结构中，主谓才可省略。即than前后均符合严格的主谓宾状结构。OG12 93
2.如果主句没状语，than后状语前“最好”补出（不敢说一定对，但补出正确率较大）OG12 41
3.但than后是people previously thought，people expected 之类的不补出正确率90%。OG12 13
其实特别是第二点如OG的例子我见得很多，我还想多罗嗦句，现在GMAT巨变态，前辈们的总结可能相对于现在已经有一些不适用了。语法始终逻辑意义至上，以前也喜欢总结所谓的必对规律，但到现在快考了才发现，根本没有。什么逗号加and后要是完整句子（OG12 36就不是）之类的，别去记别去麻木相信。说那么多只想后人少走弯路，别像哥我到考试才发觉ROI巨低。。 ___----------------------------------------------------- 有个问题请教：
Citydweller have a higher death rate than do country people.
这个句子到底是不是倒装？
如果是倒装 那原句应该就是
Citydweller have a higher death rate than country people (do)
那到底什么时候倒装，什么时候不倒装？ 解释：You can switch order, but "does he" is notgenerally used. You're morelikely to see the verb before the pronoun when the things being compared takeadditional words to describe:
Peoplewho prepare for the GMAT tend to score higher than do those who take it sightunseen.
Youmight also add a verb, such as "does," to eliminate ambiguity from asentence such as "I like pie more than my brother." Do I like piemore than my brother likes pie, or do I like pie more than I like my brother? Ican clear this up by adding "does":
I likepie more than does my brother.
DmitryFarber
ManhattanGMAT Instructor
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