定从修饰问题终极大讨论开始!

ford424

以下是引用colacat在2005-3-25 21:29:00的发言：

二,在 A and B that/who 结构中,(即并列结构)

个人认为,这样情况一旦发生,定语从句修饰的应该是A和B

如果要单独修饰B的话,应该是B that/who... and A 这样才不容易发生歧异.或者有定语的单复数能明显表示定从是修饰B的,比如人名A and人名B who 单数.... 这样就肯定是修饰B ,而不是A和B

而在这种结构是不可能出现定从跳跃单独修饰A的

请NN指正

ColaMM, 感谢感谢!

但是你上面也说了只要是单数的话可以避免歧义, 27题里面不就是用的his单数吗?

不理解?谢谢!

colacat

因为人名是专有名词,和其他的普通名词不一样的

比如 bob and mary 你可以肯定,这是两个人,应该用复数,如果是单数那也能有明确的指示对象就是mary

再比如 bread and butter that 单数.你就很难判断,到底修饰的是butter 还是bread and butter.ps bread and butter就面包抹黄油,算是一种食品,可以当作一个单数不可数名词来对待.

Avantasia

(A)  ublished in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

有点糊涂了？A里面不就是用的单数吗？怎么还会歧义啊？！

谢谢！！

薰衣紫草

不知楼主是否发现一个规律：A and B＋从句　的情况只发生在修饰A and B整体的情况下，换句话说如果A and B＋从句（谓语动词单数）的用法会引起歧义，不知道从句修饰A 还是B．但如果从句的动词用复数，强制指代使问题一目了然，即指代A and B整体．但如果只指代A B中的一个，从句插在两个中间就会消除歧义．

og27. Published in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen j and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(A)  ublished in Harlem, the owner and editor of the Messenger were two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader.

(B)   ublished in Harlem, two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, were the owner and editor of the Messenger.

(C)  ublished in Harlem, the Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen.

(D)  The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists. Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and published in Harlem.

(E)   The owner and editor being two young journalists, Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, the Messenger was published in Harlem

只修饰A and B中的A ，从句动词是单数，不可以用A and B＋从句结构，从句要插在中间．

128. New hardy varieties of rice show promise of pro­ducing high yields without the costly requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties.

(A)  requirements of irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer by earlier high-yielding varieties

(B)   requirements by earlier high-yielding varieties of application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation

(C)  requirements for application of commercial fertilizer and irrigation of earlier high-yielding varieties

(D)  application of commercial fertilizer and irriga­tion that was required by earlier high-yielding varieties

(E)   irrigation and application of commercial fertil­izer that were required by earlier high-yielding varieties

205. The peaks of a mountain range, acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the air flowing over them; the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are known as "standing waves."

(A)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

(B)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although they are formed by rapidly moving air, are

(C)  crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is

(D)  stationary crests and troughs although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, are

(E)   stationary crests and troughs although they are formed by rapidly moving air, is

从句动词是复数，强制指代不存在歧义，所以从句可以后置．

113. Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches. whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

(A)  saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

(B)   saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

(C)  saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(D)  seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

(E)   seen monk eys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

A 介词 B的情况跟A ＋ B其实是差不多的．A 介词 B＋从句也存在指代不清的问题．并且这道题里monkeys或branches都可以用whose指代．但如果改一下题目,A 介词 B＋从句的结构就可以: I see a girl running on the playground, whose hair is flying in the air.：这里whose就一定指代girl，因为playground不能用whose指代．

所以指代没有绝对的公理．

Avantasia

不是很同意MM的说法，I see a girl running on the playground, whose hair is flying in the air，这种说法还是应该有歧义的，因为whose可以指代物。

上面colaMM说的感觉更有道理，应该修饰中心词。

薰衣紫草

哦？really?

请看这句（OG第一道题）：

1.  The Wallerstein study indicates that even after a decade young men and women still experience some of the effects of a divorce occurring when a child.

(A)  occurring when a child

(B)  occurring when children

(C)  that occurred when a child

(D)  that occurred when they were children

(E)   that has occurred as each was a child

the effects of a divorce的中心词是effects，可that 明显指代divorce．

no offense. 曾听说过一句话：Easy answers are not supposed for difficult questions. 我想GMAT就是其中一项．

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-3-30 9:01:47编辑过]

薰衣紫草

再来一句：

ＯＧ127. In theory, international civil servants at the United Nations are prohibited from continuing to draw salaries from their own governments; in practice, however, some governments merely substitute living allowances for their employees' paychecks. assigned by them to the United Nations.

(A)  for their employees' paychecks, assigned by them

(B)  for the paychecks of their employees who have been assigned

(C)  for the paychecks of their employees, having been assigned

(D)  in place of their employees' paychecks, for those of them assigned

(E)   in place of the paychecks of their employees to have been assigned by them

在标准答案B中中心词是paychecks，可who指带employees．当然，这种情况就是我上面提到的．ＷＨＯ只能指代employees，不能指代paychecks．

Avantasia

A of B结构中AB都可以被指代，这个OG里面有例子，而且上面例子中的who是只可以修饰人的，whoes就不一定了。

薰衣紫草

我就是想说中心词未必一定是修饰对象．

关于ＷＨＯＳＥ，（清一下嗓子），不好意思，确实可以指代东西，刚找到一个例子．

143. Recently discovered fossil remains strongly suggest that the Australian egg-laying mammals of today are a branch of the main stem of mammalian evolu­tion rather than developing independently from a common ancestor of mammals more than 220 mil­lion years ago.

(A)  rather than developing independently from

(B)   rather than a type that developed independently from

(C)  rather than a type whose development was independent of

(D)  instead of developing independently from

(E)   instead of a development that was indepen­dent of

实在抱歉

Avantasia

没事，谁都有看走眼的时候。

MM什么时候考呢？