【已解决】求教 og verbal review #20

shua2015

20. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring.

a. the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is
b. which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is
c. the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is
d. which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are
e. the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are

答案e
og解释认为“the collateral..."是前边的补充部分，忘了语法上叫啥了。。。Declining values 跟 are 搭配。
我做题的时候以为Declining values 是 the collateral 的modifier, 果断 is。
1 请教这两种情况是怎么区分的？
2 the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season 这种修饰法问题在哪里，
为什么 the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season 会更好？

老李同志

我也是看了好多遍 才读懂题目。。。。

我觉得首先搞懂了意思，就不会有问题。
读懂了发现 the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season其实是同位语

好像一般介词 都要放到which前面

ukyo2003

这一题不应该有歧义。

20. Declining values for farm equipment and land, the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is going to force many lenders to tighten or deny credit this spring. a. the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, is b. which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, is c. the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season, is d. which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season, are e. the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season, are 答案e og解释认为“the collateral..."是前边的补充部分，忘了语法上叫啥了。。。Declining values 跟 are 搭配。 我做题的时候以为Declining values 是 the collateral 的modifier, 果断 is。 1 请教这两种情况是怎么区分的？ 2 the collateral which is borrowed against by farmers to get through the harvest season 这种修饰法问题在哪里， 为什么 the collateral against which farmers borrow to get through the harvest season 会更好？

首先is going to前面有逗号，说明the collateral不是is going to 的主语。那么优先判断同位语。主语应该是Declining values，要求谓语复数，秒杀A/B/C。然后which就近修饰preceding noun这里是land，或者farm equipment and land，做use as collateral的宾语产生逻辑错误，排除D。

shua2015

ukyo2003 发表于 2015-5-17 11:02
这一题不应该有歧义。

嗯。。。Manhattan的 ron 好像说过punctuation不能作为判断的绝对标志。后来参考另一个前辈的意见，查http://www.learnersdictionary.com/definition/decline，发现decline做 减少 解释时根本不能带宾语，decling是adj 无疑。深感我基础差！
补充：除了祈使句，确实找不到主谓间用逗号的例子。take-away：commas can be a strong singal of sentence components.
ps. 看了前辈您的背景，本来打瞌睡的我瞬间清醒了。 跟前辈致敬，佩服！

ukyo2003

shua2015 发表于 2015-5-17 23:15
嗯。。。Manhattan的 ron 好像说过punctuation不能作为判断的绝对标志。后来参考另一个前辈的意见，查htt ...

共勉，我的基础也很差，做题多了就积累了。
decline确实不能做vt来表达减少的意思，需要换成reduce

Nicoleubc

d 的问题在于，你把land 带入就发现了。。。 which farmers use as collateral to borrow against to get through the harvest season －－> farmers use the land as collateral to borrow against/ to get through the harvest season 这里的against 变成了against “to get through the harvest season” ，但是“to get through the harvest season” 明明是borrow的目的，不是要against 的内容。这样就看出来d的修饰很混乱了吧。

e，本身是个同位语，“the collateral” 修饰的就是“land and equipment” 然后 against 的内容是 “which farmers borrow” （我觉得这里which 用what 替换也可以），然后 “to get through the harvest season“ 是borrow的目的。就一切都很清楚啦，这里的which不是知道land，而是what they borrow