阅读求解

xiaomoguniuniu

这是关于取非思想，逻辑这个东西我实在是很头疼，不知该如何突破？！

It has long been known that during an El Nino, two conditions exist: (1) unusually warm
water extends along the eastern Pacific, principally along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru, and
(2) winds blow from the west into the warmer air rising over the warm water in the east. These
winds tend to create a feedback mechanism by driving the warmer surface water into a “pile”
that blocks the normal upwelling of deeper, cold water in the east and further warms the
eastern water, thus strengthening the wind still more. The contribution of the model is to show
that the winds of an El Nino, which raise sea level in the east, simultaneously send a signal to
the west lowering sea level. According to the model, that signal is generated as a negative
Rossby wave, a wave of depressed, or negative, sea level, that moves westward parallel to the
equator at 25 to 85 kilometers per day. Taking months to traverse the Pacific, Rossby waves
march to the western boundary of the Pacific basin, which is modeled as a smooth wall but in
reality consists of quite irregular island chains, such as the Philippines and Indonesia.

It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following would result fairly
immediately from the cessation of the winds of an El Nino?
I. Negative Rossby waves would cease to be generated in the eastern Pacific.
II. The sea level in the eastern Pacific would fall.
III. The surface water in the eastern Pacific would again be cooled by being
mixed with deep water.
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) I and II only
(D) I and III only
(E) I, II, and III

我觉得II 和 III 取非不正确啊，II 的取非是which raise sea level in the east,取非不应该是do not raise吗？可是不上升不代表就fall了呀？！III同。求解！还是我的取非思想有问题？
感谢各位了！！

xiaomoguniuniu

再求问一题：
  Some recent historians have argued thatlife in the British colonies in Americafrom approximately 1763 to 1789 was marked by internal conflicts amongcolonists. Inheritors of some of the viewpoins of early twentieth centuryProgressive historians such as Beard and Becker, these recent historians haveput forward arguments that deserve evaluation.
   The kind of conflict most emphasized by these historians is classconflict. Yet with the Revolutionary War dominating these years, how does onedistinguish class conflict within that larger conflict? Certainly not by theside a person supported. Although many of these historians have accepted theearlier assumption the Loyalists represented an upper class, new evidenceindicates that Loyalists, like rebels, were drawn from all socioeconomic class.(It is nonetheless probably true that a larger percentage of the well-to-dejoined the Loyalists than joined the rebels.) Looking at the rebels side, wefind little evidence for the contention that lower-class rebels were inconflict with upper-class rebels. Indeed, the war effort against Britaintended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels ofone or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as asafety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels.Disputes occurred, of course, among those who remained on the rebel side, butthe extraordinary social mobility of eighteenth-century American society (withthe obvious exception of slaves) usually prevented such disputes from hardeningalong class lines. Social structure was in fact so fluid thought recentstatistics suggest a narrowing of economic opportunity as the latter half ofthe century progressed -- that to talk about social classes at all requires theuse of loose economic categories such as rich, poor, and middle class, oreighteenth-century designations like "the better sort". Despite thesevague categories one should not claim unequivocally that hostility betweenrecognizable classes cannot be legitimately observed. Outside of New York, however, therewere very few instances of openly expressed class antagonism.
   Having said this, however, one must add that there is much evidence tosupport the further claim of recent historians that sectional conflicts werecommon between 1763 and 1789. The "Paxton Boys" incident and theRegulator movement arc representative examples the widespread, and justified,discontent of western settlers against colonial or state governments dominatedby eastern interests. Although undertones of class conflict existed beneath suchhostility, the opposition was primarily geographical. Sectional conflict --which also existed between North and South -- deserves further investigation.
   In summary, historians must be careful about the kind of conflict theyemphasize in eighteenth-century America.Yet those who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonistscannot fully understand the consensus without understanding the conflicts thathad to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.
19. The author considers the contentionsmade by the recent historians discussed in the ______.passage to be ______.
   A. potentially verifiable                      B. partially justified
   C. logically contradictory                    D. ingenious but flawed
20. According to the passage, Loyalismduring the American Revolutionary War served the function of ______.
   A. eliminating the disputes that existed among those colonists whosupported the rebel cause
   B. drawing upper, as opposed to lower, socioeconomic classes away fromthe rebel cause
   C. tolerating the kinds of socioeconomic discontent that were notallowed to exist on the rebel side
   D. absorbing members of socioeconomic groups on the rebel side who feltthemselves in contention with members of other socioeconomic groups
21. The passage suggests that the authorwould be likely to agree with which of the following statements about thesocial structure of eighteenth-century. American society?
    Ⅰ. It allowed greater economicopportunity than it did social mobility.
    Ⅱ. It permitted greater economicopportunity prior to 1750 than after 1750.
    Ⅲ. It did not contain rigidlydefined socioeconomic divisions.
    Ⅳ. It prevented economic disputesfrom arising among members of the society.
   A. I and Ⅳ only.                           B. Ⅱ and Ⅲ only.
   C. Ⅲ and Ⅳ only.                          D. Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ only.
22. According to the passage, which of thefollowing is a true statement about sectional conflicts in America between 1763 and 1789?
   A. There conflicts were instigated by eastern interests against westernsettlers.
   B. These conflicts were the most serious kind of conflict in America.
   C. The conflicts eventually led to openly expressed class antagonism.
   D. These conflicts contained an element of class hostility.
第20题的解析不是很明白，主要是对某一句话不是很能理解，不知有木有人可以帮忙解释一下？！万分感谢！！
“Loyalism thus operated as asafety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels ”这句话的中文意思可以翻译，“因此保皇主义成了一个消除存在于造反派内部的社会经济矛盾的安全阀门”，但是这句话的言外之意是什么呢？

竹林中人

我觉得这里对cessation的理解可能有偏差吧，中止，也就是说本来有了，现在突然没了，那么II里面本来是要继续rise的，那么现在只能回到原状了吧。这就好比给水加热，突然撤出热源，水的温度肯定会慢慢降低，而不会说维持不变。

sallygreen

第20题定位 Indeed, the war effort against Britaintended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did not, the disputing rebels ofone or another class usually became Loyalists. Loyalism thus operated as asafety valve to remove socioeconomic discontent that existed among the rebels.这几句, 是说rebels 的class conflicts 是被抑制的，但如果没有的话，rebel-->Loyalists. 因此，你问的那句是上面那句话的解释：Loyalism是消除rebels 中socioeconomic 不满的安全阀（即D， Loyalism吸收了满意的rebels ）

xiaomoguniuniu

xiaomoguniuniu 发表于 2013-6-25 19:59
再求问一题：
  Some recent historians have argued thatlife in the British colonies in Americafrom ap ...

好像是自己有点钻牛角尖了，谢谢！

xiaomoguniuniu

sallygreen 发表于 2013-6-25 21:37
第20题定位 Indeed, the war effort against Britaintended to suppress class conflicts. Where it did no ...

题目没有看清楚，谢谢解答

xiaomoguniuniu

1.  According to astronomer S. A. Phinney, kicking a rock hard enough to free it from Earth’sgravity would require a meteorite capable of making a crater more than 60 miles across.Moreover, even if Earth rocks were freed by meteorite impact, Mars’s orbit is much larger than Earth’s, so Phinney estimates that the probability of these rocks hitting Mars is about one-tenth as great as that of Mars’s rocks hitting Earth. To demonstrate this estimate, Phinney used a computer to calculate where 1,000 hypothetical particles would go if ejected from Earth in random directions. He found that 17 of the 1,000 particles would hit Mars.

Which of the following, if true, would cast most doubt on Phinney’s estimate of
the probability of Earth rocks hitting Mars?
(A) Rather than going in random directions, about 25 percent of all particles
ejected from Earth go in the same direction into space.
(B) Approximately 100 meteorites large enough to make a noticeable crater hit
the Earth each year.
(C) No rocks of Earth origin have been detected on Mars.
(D) The velocity of rocks escaping from Earth’s gravity is lower than the velocity
of meteorites hitting the Earth.
(E) No craters more than 60 miles across have been found on Mars.

也是一道逻辑题吧，弱点就是这类题型，求解！谢谢各位了！也希望自己的脑袋早点开窍




2. One can infer from Brown’s results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more difficulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.
  Brown’s results are clearly consistent with Fuch’s argument that discrimination by
consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either
government or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government
than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women.
The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do,
however, demonstrate that if government is discriminating against women, its discrimination is
not having as much effect on women’s earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.


A study of the practices of financial institutions that revealed no discrimination
against self-employed women would tend to contradict which of the following?
(A) Some tentative results of Fuchs’s study
(B) Some explicit results of Brown’s study
(C) A suggestion made by the author
(D) Fuchs’s hypothesis
(E) Sanborn’s hypothesis

我的理解是这样滴：题目问的是与没有歧视的观点矛盾，即找有歧视；而财政机构对个体经营女性歧视的观点只是从B的结果推出的，所以不属于B，而B和F的观点又相同，所以只能说是作者的假设。大家又是怎么理解的？！