【924】 托福机经回忆帖．

merrymenglu

越毒: 词汇题不难. 只要背了 TOEFL21天 就够了. 不过我是翻来覆去背了好多遍

第一篇: 讲的是 Islam 的书籍发展(最后归纳大意题这么说的)  
       先说造纸术带来的改变: 纸比过去更thin 对艺术家还是谁有帮助.后来提到中国.
       总之不太难.

第二篇: 我一开始以为是做到TPO原题. 刚刚一看. 不是一篇. 但内容近乎相同的. 提前看过对理

解有很大的帮助 我给大家直接贴上来吧. 题目是 steam power(大概是这个意思).

Powering the Industrial Revolution

In Britain one of the most dramatic changes of the Industrial Revolution was the

harnessing of power．Until the reign of George Ⅲ(1760-1820)，available sources of

power for work and travel had not increased since the Middle Ages. There were three

sources of power：animal or human muscles；the wind, operating on sail or windmill;

and running water .Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous

operating of machines, and although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and

ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage：streams

flowed where nature intended them to and water-driven factories had to be located on

their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons. Furthermore

even the most reliable waterpower varied with the seasons and disappeared in a drought

．The new age of machinery, in short, could not have been born without a new source of

both movable and constant power.

The source had long been known but not exploited. Early in the century, a pump had

come into use in which expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder, and atmospheric

pressure brought it down again when the steam condensed inside the cylinder to form a

vacuum．This “atmospheric engine,” invented by Thomas Savery and vastly improved by

his partner Thomas Newcomen, embodied revolutionary principles, but it was so slow and

wasteful of fuel that it could not be employed outside the coal mines for which it had

been designed. In the 1760s, James Watt perfected a separate condenser for the steam,

so that the cylinder did not have to be cooled at every stroke; then he devised a way

to make the piston turn a wheel and thus convert reciprocating (back and forth) motion

into rotary motion. He thereby transformed an inefficient pump of limited use into a

steam engine of a thousand uses. The final step came when steam was introduced into

the cylinder to drive the piston backward as well as forward thereby increasing the

speed of the engine and cutting its fuel consumption.

Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. It liberated industry from

dependence on running water. The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving

efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. The ready availability

of coal inspired William Murdoch during the 1790s to develop the first new form of

nighttime illumination to be discovered in a millennium and a half. Coal gas rivaled

smoky oil lamps and flickering candles, and early in the new century, well-to-do

Londoners grew accustomed to gaslit houses and even streets. Iron manufacturers which

had starved for fuel while depending on charcoal also benefited from ever-increasing

supplies of coal; blast furnaces with steam- powered bellows turned out more iron and

steel for the new machinery. Steam became the motive force of the Industrial

Revolution as coal and iron ore were the raw materials．

By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and

Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s．Steam

power did not merely spin cotton and roll iron; early in the new century it also

multiplied ten times over the amount of paper that a single worker could produce in a

day. At the same time, operators of the first printing presses run by steam rather

than by hand found it possible to produce a thousand pages in an hour rather than

thirty. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by

either canal boats or turnpikes. Boats could carry heavy weights, but canals could not

cross hilly terrain; turnpikes could cross the hills, but the roadbeds could not stand

up under great weights. These problems needed still another solution, and the

ingredients for it lay close at hand. In some industrial regions, heavily laden wagons

，with flanged wheels，were being hauled by horses along metal rails; and the

stationary steam engine was puffing in the factory and mine．Another generation passed

before Inventors succeeded in combining these ingredients by putting the engine on

wheels and the wheels on the rails, so as to provide a machine to take the place of

the horse. Thus the railroad age sprang from what had already happened in the

eighteenth century.

第三篇: 是说昆虫和植物授粉(pollinate )的关系. 文章先给了一张花的解剖图. 挺简单的
主要说蚂蚁对授粉的帮助. 起到保护作用. 之后有实验拿没昆虫和有昆虫的作对比. 证明有帮助


聼力: 我实在想屎了.. 第一个section居然木有写完啊!!!!
不过抽到听力加试. 考完迅速调整心态. 得瑟的在门口吹风吃东西回忆口语模板.

SECTION1:
第一篇 library 的. student 问某本书有没有多的copy. 他想买. librarian就和他讲了onsale的

条件啊什么的..

第二篇 讲达达主义Dadaism在theater上的表现形式: (lz之前上课学过相关内容.晓得大概背景)
Prof.先说什么是达达主义. 在用其定义和之前的classicism(古典主义)作对比. 达达主义总之是

比较混乱随意的那种. 比较讲究random. 是他们对世界的看法. 然后就开始步入正题. 说在

theater上的表现形式: 其实就是一大群艺术家. 我的理解就是.没有具体情节.像过去的戏剧一

样.. 而是random的在台上.自己搞自己的.. 然后台下的观众也是疯的..哈哈..总之就是很乱.

我把相应的背景贴上来嘛:
我敢肯定大家一定看过达达主义的作品. 有幅很出名的画. 杜尚的. 在蒙娜丽莎的脸上画了个胡子

.哈哈哈
Dada represented the opposite. Where art was concerned with traditional aesthetics,

Dada ignored aesthetics. If art was to appeal to sensibilities, Dada was intended to

offend. Through their rejection of traditional culture and aesthetics, the Dadaists

hoped to destroy traditional culture and aesthetics.

Many Dadaists expressed their rejection of that ideology in artistic expression that

appeared to reject logic and embrace chaos and irrationality

Its purpose was to ridicule what its participants considered to be the meaninglessness

of the modern world.

里面老是重复make no sense. chaos.


第三篇:  又是pollinate和昆虫的关系.. 其实看了之前的阅读. 感觉会好很多.
总之段子的中心思想就是 昆虫对pollinate有益. 套路跟一般文章差不多. 无非就是通过实验

SECTION2:
第一篇:  prof. student的.
student错过了好多节课. 去问prof. 课上讨论的内容. 她说神马故事的结尾surpising之类的.
然后谈到自己该怎么写.

第二篇:
记不清了. 就是environment的.

第三篇: business 的.
先给了一个s形曲线.. 然后解释曲线上每段的含义. 就是消费者增加和平缓的原因.
之后prof. 让一个男生举例子. 一个乐队吧. 就说change 有risk. 有时候会带来收益.
prof.就说. 这个歌手之前的风格大受好评. 但他突然改变风格. 一开始audience都是骂声一片.

但后来人们慢慢接受了.. 销量就好了. 用来证明之前说的观点.

听力加试: bird migration. ragtime music. 大王花

口语:
第一题 在图书馆建cafe.你同意不?　(妈的啊. 姐在这里死机了!! 第一次考试的表示非常有压力)

第二题 禁止私家车在市中心商业中心通行 同意不?

第三题 额. 不记得了.

第四题 familiarity theory
reading部分 解释这个理论. 即人们更偏好于选择自己熟悉的东西
listening部分 prof. 用一个实验:　第一次 让学生看special shape的东西 in short periods
                                第二次 让学生看刚才那些东西. 不过是in pair. in long periods 吧. 反正是相对的. 让学生选. 学生会选他们看到过的.

第五题 男生学法语的. department要组织去canada学习旅行. 去魁北克. 说法语的地区. 但男生太二. 忘记办护照了. prof.建议他别去了. 在学校用法语写research. 女生还特吃惊: 啊? 都用法语写啊?? 女生建议男生去US passport office 补上extra就行. 男生说. 但是太贵了. 好像一百多刀把. 他就不想去了..

第六题 frog在干燥dersert的地方怎么physically适应环境. 第一种. 皮肤很fatty. 不易漏水.
另一种 organic. 可以在下雨时store水分moisture. 可以坚持很长一段时间到下一次储水.


写作:
第一题 SEA Cows extinction的原因
reading material 的三个原因是; 1 native Siberia 的overhunting. 2 ecosystem disturbance.导致sea cows的食物kelp减少. 它们就给饿死了.哈哈 3. European traders.
listening  1 sea cow 特别大.  有的有9米. 可以够西伯利亚人吃一个month了. 他们没必要hunt 这么多. 2 如果真有 ecosystem disturbance. 那别的mammals也会有影响. 但whales就没有decreasing. 3 extinction 在 European traders 之前就already 开始了..

第二题 Educating children is more difficult today than in past because children spend too much time on cell phones, online games, social networking Web sites.

lz用了驳因果关系 来写的.

cat19bear

稍微补充下 ，第三篇阅读有问到 devour 的同义词
我犹豫了半天还是选错了。。。 应该是eat 。。。

听力第二篇是讲有一个新的技术 可以用来处理organic waste
里面有一部分来自于水处理，但是改进后可以处理固体了
最有有问下一步的方向， 回答是找到最有效率的细菌

口语第三题是学校准备提供免费的tuition 给freshman
学生是非常赞同的
第一，可以帮助freshmen 了解学习的方法， how to take note and how to prepare the exam
第二，可以找到相同兴趣的人一起学习，同时也可以从不同的角度去了解课程，知道相关推荐教授

不过总体还是败在口语上啊。。。
杯具。。。觉得还是对人讲有感觉啊，再不过100，就考IELTS 去了

dyc709127

力鼎，战士

feifeiaym

晕死，没看机经，居然北美9。24完全转播大陆，后悔啊后悔