every的用法

joe11

再讨论 every 用法  [Longman]

[always followed by a singular countable noun]
1
used to refer to all the people or things in a particular group or all the parts of something
We looked carefully at every car that drove past.

Every child will receive a certificate at the end of the course.

I enjoyed every minute of the film.I listened carefully to every word he said.

every single (=used to emphasize that you mean 'all')

He seems to know every single person in the school.

every last drop/bit/scrap etc (=all of something, including even the smallest amount of it)

They made us pick up every last scrap of paper.

如果Longman 字典是对的，那么 every animal species 是不是有问题呢？

另有 every 32 pupils (OG89).

请教呀。

joe11

American Heritage Book of English Usage     http://www.bartleby.com/64/C001/027.html

§ 27. every

Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in form but felt to be plural in sense. The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced by every, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb; we say Every car has (not have) been tested. Anyone is (not are) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun that refers to a previous noun phrase introduced by every, grammar and sense pull in different directions. The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but the meaning often leads people to use the plural pronoun, as in Every car must have their brakes tested. The use of plural pronouns in such cases is common in speech, but it is still widely regarded as incorrect in writing.	1
The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule causes complications, however. The first is grammatical. When a pronoun refers to a phrase containing every or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular. Thus it is simply not English to say Every man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can you say No one could be seen, could he? If you are unwilling to use plural forms in these examples, you must find another way of expressing your meaning, either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as in Every man left, taking his raincoat with him) or by substituting another word for every or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them).	2
The second complication is political. When a phrase introduced by every or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what pronoun should you use? Consider the example Every person in this office must keep track of his (her? his or her? their?) own expenses. This matter is discussed at he under Gender.

[此贴子已经被作者于2005-2-25 21:39:58编辑过]