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IBT 写作30分攻略 其实本人IBT只有29分。写下这个题目，是想留点儿遗憾，添点儿希望，与大家共勉！ 考完IBT，已有两个多月了。在这两个月里，马不停蹄，申请MBA又写了一大堆essay。回到CD，看见很多询问写作的帖子。感觉我应该发挥一点余热，回馈一下社区。这里详细说说作文。要看我的全部总结，请到 http://forum.chasedream.com/dispbbs.asp?boardID=19&ID=194506&page=12 我认为写作是IBT中唯一可以通过短时间的准备获得高分的一个部分。因为它有章可循！ ****** 能说会写最重要****** 首先大家要从思想上了解写作的重要性。大家考托，考鸡，无非是为了出国来混混。这些年我在美国的惨痛经验告诉我，写作真的很重要。且不说托福，GMAT都要考两篇以上的作文。申请学校更要把你写得手抽筋！MBA School少则两三篇，多的五六篇。申请四五个学校，得写20来篇essay呢！平时工作学习生活也少不得写。在学校要写paper，作项目要写proposal，变态的老板要求你写weekly report，涨工资得写self-appraisal。更不用说，天天要写email，间或写点儿情书什么的！即使是土生土长的老美也不一定写的好。我的前老板能言善辩。叫他写点东西例如推荐信，就很困难。回封email也是草草了事。文如其人，粗！ ******师夷长技以制夷****** 言归正传。写文章在于积累。平常多看多想，厚积而薄发，必有好文。留心处处皆学问，人情练达即文章，就是这个道理。可惜我悟到这一点时，考G已迫在眉睫。（鉴于G和T的作文差不多，我完全借鉴了GMAT的经验）。我也看了一些好范文，收集了一些精彩字句，甚至要把185前后都练一遍。很快发现，这些都是不现实的。首先再精彩的单词，如果不熟，很难用得上。特别是时间紧，脑子涨的时候，用得不好还容易搞错。其次185的范文虽然是牛人的作品，但毕竟是别人的东西，而且是中国人写的英文，正确与否，都很questionable，何况根本没有那么多时间。（185还是很有用的，但我主要用185来练作文思维和口语反映速度，看自己能否在短时间内就一个问题说出个1，2，3来。） 怎么办呢？我决定就地取材，师夷长技以制夷。我把阅读文章中与写作文体比较相似，风格比较一致的文章拿来分析。把它的powerful的，同时也是自己熟悉的句子和单词，摘录下来，用到自己的文章中。我发现这样做的好处是：百分之百的正确用法，绝对是地道的用法，有说服力，记得牢，很容易为我所用。有的甚至可以整句照搬。我考了两次G，作文都是5.5，考托作文29，这个方法功不可没！我从GMAT OG 上的阅读文章中摘录了一些句子，现学现用，基本上没有用其他的参考资料（可惜找不着了）。不过，大家可以从我的练习文章中看到一些。建议大家以同样的方法研究一下托福阅读。必有所获。 ******模板，模板，又模板****** 对我这样写得慢的人来说，模板有救命的作用。第一次从CD中听说模板，不由得对咱中国人民的聪明才智再一次肃然起敬。模板让我们在有限的时间内用有限的英语写出不逊于老美的好文章。我认为模板解决了一下的问题：行文结构，关键部分的遣词造句，时间。请大家好好研究一下自己的模板。你的模板必须：好记，结构合理，是你自己的东西，有自己的特点。如果还不是你的，你要把它练成你的。模板是托鸡中，唯一需要死记硬背的东西。以下是我的一些练习文章，模板不知跑哪去了。但这些文章都是按照我的模板写出来的。大家应该看得出来。写得一般，也并没有认真修改，有的还没有完成，大牛们见笑了。请小心引用。 注意托福作文的第一篇是不用写结尾的。第二篇与GMAT其中的一篇类似。 ******按部就班，从容不迫****** 考试时，干扰不少，时间紧迫。容不得你三心二意，举棋不定。能否按部就班的按照魔板完成文章是决定性的。我一般审题后，先写好开头，再把中间的三个论点论据各以一句话概括，再写好结尾，再回头展开每个论点成段落。就象做个三明治，上面一块面包，下面又一块面包，
这三明治就成了。中间的肉和菜，留着慢慢加。实在不好意思，少了一点什么，它还是三明治呀！但万一少了一块面包，就不好看了。如果有时间，再加入第四点，有锦上添花之妙。 关于检查，有人说先写完，最后留3-5 分钟仔细检查。我觉的这不可取，特别是对于写得慢的。试想一下，文章还没写完，时间已快到了，这时候你究竟是继续写完呢？还是去检查？矛盾！我的做法是，随段检查，写得放心。写完每一段，花个15-20秒检查一下，又快又干净利落，不留尾巴，还省时间。万一时间不够，可以在三明治的中间部分取舍。如有时间，也可以去中间锦上添花。 再次提醒注意托福作文的第一篇是不用写结尾的。而且最好使用总分式。先概括，再逐一阐述。重点写Lecture中的内容，passage的观点一笔带过。千万不能抄passage中的任何句子。因为这一篇主要是考综合听，读的能力，以听为主。详见TOEFL-1. 附上打油诗一首： ******师夷长技以制夷****** ******模板模板又模板****** ******行文好比三文治****** ******逐段检查我心宽****** 匆匆写下以上这些，供各位大牛批评指正。倘若能给各位带来一些新思维，就不枉我辛辛苦苦敲了两三小时中文了。又若能为各位提高作文分数之一二，那就超额完成任务了！ TOEFL-1 The lecturer cites a company as an example as it tried to assign its project to groups and make the groups to be responsible for the projects. The lecturer says the findings have shown opposite evidence to the statements made in the reading passage. The first finding is that some people will take a “free ride”. This happens in almost every group. As the group of people work hard and try to make the project a success, some of the group members don’t contribute much to the project. But if the project succeeds ultimately because of the hard work of other member, this “lazy” member basically takes a “free ride” to the success of the project. Another problem with this finding is that it’s unfair for the group members who work hard and contribute the most to the success of the project because all the reward will be given to the group (including the free-riders), not the individuals. This finding is directly against the statement made in the passage that the way of grouping people together is very rewarding to the key members. In other words, the group members who make significant contributions to the project won’t “shine”. The second finding is that it takes longer time for the group to finish the project because it’s hard to reach an agreement among group members. This finding also applies to almost all projects. Sometimes, in order to reach a consensus, the group needs to hold many meetings. On the other hand, some of the members will become influencers of the group. When they agree with an idea, the team tends to agree with the same idea immediately – just because the person who is most influential said so. If the idea is really good and leads to the success of the project, it’s fantastic. But how if the idea happens to be a bad one and fails the project? The lecturer says the whole group will be responsible for the failure, not the influencer. This finding is also opposite to the statement made in the passage that the team is supposed to response quickly and efficiently. Third finding … Fourth finding … ================ TOEFL-2.1 Face to face communication is better than other types of communication Communication is extremely important to the success of a person, especially in the business management field. Nowadays, there are many types of communication methods available, such as write letters, send emails, make phone calls, and maybe use the Internet. However, I agree with the statement that the most traditional type of communication - face to face communication is better than other types of communication. According to management science, face-to-face communication is the most efficient communication method. When people communicate to each other face to face, they talk to each other. As we all know, speaking is the most common way of communication. Spoken language is quick, precise and efficient. Things can be described, and problems can be resolved in a timely manner. Besides the language, people tend to use other techniques to help with communication, for example, facial expressions, tone, pitch, gestures, body movements, etc. These communication techniques are not available in other types of communications such as letter, email, or Internet. More personalized More information communicated Fewer mistakes are made during face-to-face communication compare with during other communication channels. Due to the complexity nature of human communication, mistakes are unavoidable. For example, person A makes a statement, which is not intended to offend person B. But person B takes it seriously and considers it as an insult. During other communication method, for example, email, or Internet, the misunderstanding can’t be resolved right away. It can easily escalate to a conflict. In conclusion, although I agree that some of the new communication methods are very good ones, I still prefer the most traditional communication method – face to face communication, because it allows more information to be communicated and generates less mis-communications. It is also the most effective type of communication and offers more personalized benefit. ========== TOEFL-2.2 Do you agree or disagree Always telling the truth is most consideration in any relationship Whether to tell the truth sometimes can be very controversial. Although I agree that it’s a traditional moral to tell the truth but not the lies, there is situation that telling truth may not be the best choice. First, the truth you known may not be really “true”. Sometimes what you see is not true. For example, in a magic show, a girl is cut into half. We all know it’s not real, which means that it’s not true. But that’s what you have just seen! Another example is the computer-edited pictures. Before, whenever we saw a picture we took for granted that it’s true – a picture is worth a thousand words. Now, thanks to the computer technologies, the pictures can be edited, modified and even created from scratch! True or not true? Sometimes things are so complicated that it’s hard for us to tell true or false within limited period of time. Second, the truth may hurt the receiver. Let’s assume you’re the parent of a twelve-year old boy. Your son is participated in a speech competition. He is so nervous and makes a lot of mistakes during the speech. You feel disappointed and awkward. But, are you going to tell the truth to your son and blame him hard? I believe, as a responsible parent, you’ll tell him that you’re proud of him and encourage him by saying that he need more practice and he will do better next time. Additionally, telling the truth may impinge the privacy of a third party and may hurt him by disclosing the truth to others. For example, you happen to know a secret of your friend, let’s say a birth defect. You’re probably better not to say anything to anybody about this “truth” because it’s just not necessary and it will hurt your friend if you do so. In conclusion, I agree that telling the truth is a traditional moral, especially when law requires one to do so. But sometimes it may not be the best choice to tell the truth because the “truth” you take for granted may not be true. Also, there are situations that telling a truth will hurt people or impinge people’s privacy. We have to consider different situation and respond accordingly. Sometimes, we tell “white lies”. Sometimes, it’s better for us to keep quiet. ======= GMAT-1 If parents want to prepare their children to succeed in life, teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem. The speaker of above statement asserts that teaching the children self-discipline is more important than teaching them self-esteem for parents who want to prepare their children to succeed in life. Although self-discipline and self-esteem are two important aspects in child education, it’s oversimplification to claim that these are the only things that need to be taught children. Consequently, in my view, it’s meaningless to discuss what is superior, self-discipline or self-esteem. Admittedly, self-discipline plays an important role in child education. The early education of self-discipline to children not only helps them to comply with rules and regulations, but also establish in their mind the value of our society. It helps them to control themselves in different situations, especially difficult situations. Self-esteem, another important aspect of children education, also helps children to build up confidence and competence. But both of these two aspects are SELF centered, which is dangerous to children’s development if they are not balanced with other educational factors. Overemphasize these aspects in children education has the potential to foster superior individuals who are extremely self-centered. These selfish individuals will be hard to cooperate with each other, hard to work in a team and hard to compromise whenever there is a conflict between each other. They will be elite as individuals, but will be less valuable to our society. When there is a conflict between their self-interest and the interest of the majority, it is hard to predict which side they are going to take. Some other aspects of education are equally important for children, if not more so, for example, altruism, tolerance, and the spirit of contribution etc. Education has to balance all these valuable aspects to teach children how to become successful individuals and as the mean time become useful to the society. So, what is the most important in child education, self-discipline, self-esteem, or what else? To answer this question more cogently, we should not overemphasize one or two aspects of the education but neglect the rest. Instead, we should analysis all possible factors that will foster the strong personality for children and evaluate more carefully. Any harsh and unbalanced actions taken by the parents on this matter may have big negative impact on the development of their children. ========== GMAT-2 The author of above statement asserts that the best teachers are those whose classes include a large amount of discussion between teachers and students. Whereas discussion between teachers and students does perform an important role in the evaluation of the teachers' performance, it's oversimplification to claim that a large amount of discussion is the key factor to judge the performance of a teacher. First, the quality of the discussion is more important than the amount of it. What is in discussion? In what extent is the discussion related to the topic of the class? How much preparation and enthusiasm have the teacher put in the discussion? These are all the important questions that need to be answered to evaluate the quality of the discussion. Discussion without focus will become misleading and cause confusion for the students to understand the main teaching topic of the class. Moreover, discussion without careful planning and direct relationship to the teaching topic of the class is just a waste of valuable time of both the teacher and the students, especially given the fact that the time of a class is always limited. Second, how much discussion involved in a class depends more on the nature of the topic of the class rather than on the performance of the teacher. For example, a mathematics class in general involves far less discussion compare with a politics class in which extensive discussion and/or rebate are required to justify different aspects of different cases. Can we say a mathematics teacher is always worse than a politics teacher? The answer is obvious. Consequently, use the amount of discussion between teachers and students as a key factor to judge the performance of teachers is unfair to the teachers who only teach the classes that involve less discussion in nature. Additionally, there are many other factors and aspects to valuate a teacher’s performance in addition to the amount of discussion between teachers and students. For example, how good the lecture is delivered, how well the materials are prepared and organized, and how easy the teacher makes a profound topic to be understood by the students, etc. Answers to these questions are all playing important roles in evaluating the quality of a class, and consequently in evaluating the performance of a teacher. In conclusion, I agree that healthy and reasonable amount of discussion between teachers and students is essential to the success of certain classes, but it’s not the exclusive criteria to evaluate the performance of the teachers. There are so many other important aspects that must be considered before we jump into a quick conclusion that the large amount of discussion between teachers and students is the key to judge best teachers. | 
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发表于 2006-11-8 15:19:00
发表于 2006-11-8 16:10:00
