OG 12 114有一些疑问，望有NN解释下

sunyuwei

The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions, then taking turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.

(A) subscriptions, then taking turns drawing

(B) subscriptions, and then taking turns drawing

(C)subscriptions and then took turns drawing

(D) subscriptions and then took turns, they drew

(E)  subscriptions and then drew, taking turns

对于这道题目本身我没有什么问题但是对于whose 的修饰对象我表示困惑了。一种理解是funds 的含义是基金会所以whose就近修饰的是funds，逻辑上也说得通；第二种解释是funds是基金但是whose 跳跃修饰了association;另一种理解是associations和funds 其实是相同的，所以不管修饰的是谁其实结果是一样的，但是我记得有一条原则:修饰的对象不能跳过谓语动词修饰，所以我认为这里只能理解为whose 修饰的是funds,并且这里的funds做的事基金会解释。

请大神解决我的困惑。大谢了

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我不是大神哈~

你的理解是对的，whose就是指代的前面紧挨着的名词funds，fund作名词除了基金外，可以解释为基金会，具体可以参考朗文词典第三条：http://www.ldoce-online.cn/dictionary/fund_1

gmat中定语从句一般不会跳跃指代，唯一能跳跃指代的情况是：1) 定语从句的动词和前面紧挨着的名词单复数不匹配; 2) 定语从句的指代词(which, that, who, whose, whom)和前面紧挨着的名词不匹配，只有这2种情况才能跳跃指代。因为只有这种情况指代才没有歧义。

1) 单复数不匹配
Eg: New hardy varieties of rice show promise of producing high yields without the costly irrigation and application of commercial fertilizer that were required by earlier high- yielding varieties. 跳跃原因：that were是复数，前面fertilizer是单数，不能指代，只能往前跳跃指代 irrigation and application

2) 指代不匹配
Eg: She participated in the hearings on the impeachment of President Richard Nixon, which were televised nationwide. 跳跃原因：which不能指代人，而且were复数，所以指代hearings无歧义

这2个例句都是gmat的语法原句

sunyuwei

popup 发表于 2014-9-29 21:41
我不是大神哈~

你的理解是对的，whose就是指代的前面紧挨着的名词funds，fund作名词除了基金外，可以解释 ...

谢谢回我哦~我仔细看看明天一早回复你哦。

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sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-29 22:17
谢谢回我哦~我仔细看看明天一早回复你哦。

哈哈，没事没事，有问题再问好了，没问题不回也没事，哈哈~~

enkyklios

popup 发表于 2014-9-29 22:22
哈哈，没事没事，有问题再问好了，没问题不回也没事，哈哈~~

,回答的精典

sunyuwei

popup 发表于 2014-9-29 21:41
我不是大神哈~

你的理解是对的，whose就是指代的前面紧挨着的名词funds，fund作名词除了基金外，可以解释 ...

我来了，看来还是又问题的咩~
是不是还有一种情况是要根据语义来判断的，比如 说
1，The commission proposed that funding for development of the park, which could be open to the public early next year, be obtained through a local bond issue.
此处which修饰的是park，这是根据语义判定出来development不能be open to the public 因而没有歧义。
2,Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles.
这里which 修饰的是 Roman Colosseum，没有你说的以上两种情况但是根据语义判定construction不可能was known as the Flavian Amphitheater,因而没有歧义

貌似说着说着有点思路混乱了，我觉着吧我不太清楚GMAT怎么考修饰歧义了。是不是可以这么说，当我理解修饰的时候有两种理解方式就可以判定歧义了？比如说：the decoration of the park, which is beautiful(貌似例子有点怂。。。）我可以说是decoration beautiful也可以说是park beautiful，所以就有歧义了？

另外，像这个句子Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladiatorial games, and spectacles. 我以前认为Construction of the Roman Colosseum侧重点是construction所以which 理应跳跃修饰construction,但是逻辑上修饰的应该是park所以判定他为错句。但是我后来想想，其实跳跃不跳跃都没有严格规定的，只要逻辑上没有歧义，其实是没有问题的，不知道我的想法正确吗？


问题有点多，麻烦解答了哈

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sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-30 08:26
我来了，看来还是又问题的咩~
是不是还有一种情况是要根据语义来判断的，比如 说
1，The commission prop ...

其实没有你想的复杂，在gmat语法里定语从句的which/that 99%是指代它前面紧挨着的名词。只要你读完句子发现不存在：which/that后的动词和前面紧挨着的名词单复数不匹配，或者人/物属性不匹配 （就是我前面讲的2种情况），你就放心的用which和that指代它前面紧挨的名词就行了。所有的gmat的语法真题如果要跳跃指代，一定会在句子里给出线索，要么就是which/that后的动词单复数和前面紧挨着的名词单复数不匹配，要么是which/that前面是个人，或者who, whom前面是个物。因为没有这样的线索，指代就会有歧义，正确选项就不严谨。

对于你说的句子：Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheate, began...

因为was和Roman Colosseum不存在单复数不匹配，which和Roman Colosseum也不存在指代属性不匹配，所以which只能指代 Roman Colosseum，不能指代Construction。所有的定语从句里面，which/that都是优先指代它前面紧挨的名词，只有指代不了(就是我说的这2种情况）的时候，才会被迫跳跃指代再前面的名词。

另外，如果你gmat语法感觉没方向，并且你又有时间，建议你看下Manhattan SC，CD论坛有电子版下载，看完以后你就会知道什么样的语法现象是gmac允许的，什么样的情况是gmac认为一定错的，很多人给我反馈说看了这本书有很大收获。

sunyuwei

popup 发表于 2014-9-30 10:53
其实没有你想的复杂，在gmat语法里定语从句的which/that 99%是指代它前面紧挨着的名词。只要你读完句子发 ...

1. 我感觉我做语法的时候经常很钻牛角尖，经常会想的特别多。which 的情况，还有",ing"的情况，我一直纠结在优先作状语的“优先”上，我觉得不能不考虑作定语的情况，后来做多了其实发现基本上考虑做状语就好了，OG上作定语的例子也只有一题，这一题也只是因为逗号前面只有一个名词。今天你给我讲了which，我觉得一下子明朗了许多。谢谢啦！

2.还有一个问题，Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheate, began...如你所说，没有存在你以上提的两个问题所以不需要跳跃指代，因而就近修饰的就是
the Roman Colosseum，那么如果，我是说如果我在逻辑上理解出来which 应该修饰的是construction,那么这个选项就是错误的？

3.我现在看的是Manhattan的整理版，好像感觉还不是很有方向，打算去看看英文原版的~

4.觉得你的话给我很大帮助，加了你好友，希望接受~

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sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-30 14:28
1. 我感觉我做语法的时候经常很钻牛角尖，经常会想的特别多。which 的情况，还有",ing"的情况，我一直纠 ...

嗯，不客气哈，我学语法的时候也走过很多弯路，能对你有帮助我也很高兴~

对于你的问题，如果你在逻辑上理解出来which 应该修饰的是construction，那么这个句子就不是一个好的选项，一般就不要选了，除非5个选项都是这样的形式。

Manhattan看原文的比较好，整理版的毕竟是别人的整理，或许有理解错误，或许有理解偏差。好友已经接受 ~

sunyuwei

popup 发表于 2014-9-30 14:48
嗯，不客气哈，我学语法的时候也走过很多弯路，能对你有帮助我也很高兴~

对于你的问题，如果你在逻辑上理 ...

1.GMAT语法没有我想象中的简单，确实走弯路了。

2.我还有一个问题想问你，麻烦你看一下了（有点长的说~~）
昨天看到一道题:
In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets, most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle other stars.

A most of them as large or larger than Jupiter, which circle  
B most of them as large or larger than Jupiter and circling  
C most of them at least as large as Jupiter, circling  
D mostly at least as large as Jupiter, which circle  
E mostly as large or larger than Jupiter, circling  答案选C
对于C选项，我认为中间这一组逗号存在的意义是隔开插入语，而不是隔开planets和circling.
that is to say，如果你把插入语拿掉，原句就变成In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets circling other stars.

但是有大神说是中间部分是独立主格，对于独立主格，唯一正确的理解方式，就是等同为：分号+be动词
原句改写为：In the past several years, astronomers have detected more than 80 massive planets; most of them are at least as large as Jupiter, circling other stars.
我想知道哪一种想法是对的。而且如果中间不是独立主格而是简单的插入语呢？该怎么思考？

他还补充说“circling的修饰往前找最近的主语，就是most of them。没有歧义。”
分词修饰是找最近的主语?我认为是找前句主句的主语咩~（对于这句话显然没有问题因为化简最近的主语显然就是主句的主语）

4.看到分词修饰问题我想到了独立主格的问题，貌似其实",ing"和",with..."做的成分是相似的，都是修饰前句作状语。麻烦看下我一直存在的问题
Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.
A. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang
B. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging
C. saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
D. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging
E. seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung
这里的with arms and legs hanging显然是修饰monkey的，所以是不是就如他所说的和分词相同，with 也是找最近的主语修饰？