旺氏语法来袭**MODIFIERのVING篇~~

旺财财

一楼献给CD~~~~

旺财财

VING modifier在G里属于重点考察对象，而且对句意理解有重要影响，今天总结一下，抛个砖~~~
一.COMMA+Ving
1，Ving在cluase前。结构类似这种（Ving... , A....）这里要注意的是A，换句话说VING要有合理的agent和cause
来举一个栗子：
eg：Slipping on the ice，i fell and broke my ankle，ouch.（I‘m not just saying that *i* slipped on the ice。I’m trying to say that as a resut of slipping on the ice，“I fell”。 ）

2.comma+Ving在preceding clause 后。~~~注意这里是有comma的。MEANING THAT VING是做ADV修饰成分。
结构像这种（S+V+O,VING MODIFIER）这里VING做状语。有两个语法功能1——伴随动作，与主句V动同时发生（请参考OG13th 29#）:2-----伴随结果，主句带来的a result/a consequencee/a single aspect/a explanation./
举个栗子：
eg：I slipped on the ice，breaking my ankle。
（It's not just i broke my ankle——it's that i broke it becoz i slipped ）————————以上栗子来自manhattan forum~~~
  另外还有这种结构（S+BE+表语,Ving modifier),这时仍然是做ADV修饰成分。

二，当Ving modifier没有comma 时候一般是做定语成分，修饰preceding noun。

sunyuwei

撒个花先   有如下问题还请LZ解答
1. “另外还有这种结构（S+BE+表语,Ving modifier),这时仍然是做ADV修饰成分。”
主系表结构的时候，ing modifier作伴随动作还是结果，如果是作伴随动作，逻辑主语是s,同时主系表结构中 s 和o 的概念相同，又为什么不能看做定语
2.没有comma 的情况下是不是n+ing 不论n 是何种成分在语法上都是就近修饰？

旺财财

下面我们来举例OG13中的实例来进一步理解~Ving~
Per.35#
By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records,and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to beof dangerously experimental design.
(B) earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be
(C) earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

这里我们理解的重点是Ving modifier 所以暂且搁置OA，我们来看这里earning为什么不对。看看og的解释：”Here，the word earning takes the pilots herself，not the records，as its subject。However，earning is closed to  the records，not the JC.。“
解释到此你可能还在疑惑why not？为什么不可以去修饰JC本身？貌似也说的通啊？是的。我们来从逻辑上理解一下。看看句子都说了什么1。 JC HELD records。2 Earn at s time （blah blah） 这里先不管语法我们且看逻辑语义。
这里用ving可不可以？
还记得Comma +ving在句子后有两个功能么？（参考本帖的2#楼)两个语法功能1——伴随动作，与主句V动同时发生（请参考OG13th 29#）:2-----伴随结果，主句带来的a result/a consequencee/a single aspect/a explanation./这里试用于a explanation。~~~~~所以说OG的解释有时候也不是最好的，这个题A选项最大问题在后面的结构so new for many of the planes she flew to be
这个结构是错误的，但是V-ing modifier是justified



引用来自M forum instructor的guide~~加深理解

记不得哪个帖子挖出来的，应该是RON对V-ING的讲解，里面提到了两个必须都满足。


the"comma + ing" modifier should only be used when:


(A)
itMODIFIES THE ENTIRE ACTION of the preceding clause, and it APPLIES TO THESUBJECT of that clause;

AND

(B)
oneof the following is true:
(1)the "ing" action is SIMULTANEOUS with, and SUBORDINATE to, the mainaction;
-i ran down the sidewalk, flapping my arms wildly
(2)the "ing" action is a DIRECTAND IMMEDIATE CONSEQUENCE of the mainaction.
-i got a 100 on the most recent exam, bringing my average up to 91

--

sinceCOMMA + -ING clauses are automatically attributed to the SUBJECT of thepreceding clause, this modifies the moon.
asit clearly should, in context.

alsonote that it applies not only to that subject, but to the entire action of thatclause (this is what makes it "adverbial").


two problems with that choice:

1) when you use a COMMA -ING modifier after a clause**, you should actuallysatisfy TWO requirements:
-- the modifier should modify theaction of the preceding clause, as you have stated;
AND
-- the subject of the preceding clause should alsomake sense as the agent of the-ING action.

examples:
Joe broke the window, angering his father. -->this sentence makes sense,because it correctly implies that Joe "angeredhis father".
thewindow was broken byJoe, angering his father.-->this sentence doesn't make sense, because it implies that the window(i.e., notJoe himself) angered Joe's father.

my brothertricked me, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in my brother for tricking me (and notnecessarily disappointed in me for being tricked).
I was trickedby my brother, disappointing Dad -->implies that dad is disappointed in me because i fell for my brother's trick(and not that he's disappointed in my brother for tricking me).

未完~~
下页起编辑更多栗子

旺财财

sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-14 20:09
撒个花先   有如下问题还请LZ解答
1. “另外还有这种结构（S+BE+表语,Ving modifier),这时仍然是 ...

打乱队形——回答一下问题
逻辑主语是s,同时主系表结构中 s 和o 的概念相同？这个话怎么讲~~~~~能提供个栗子么，没有太理解你的意思。
其次对于2，是的，至少在G考试里是的。

sunyuwei

楼主以上总结的都是语法上的规律 是不是在语法上有comma的ing 接受作伴随动作，接受作伴随结果以及定语修饰（只不过优先作状语，此处被楼主省略了）。
楼主看看我这样的做题步骤是否可行
在做题的时候看逻辑主语是否符合（即能否作伴随动作）；看作伴随结果在逻辑上是否说的通（即作伴随结果）；二者皆不行的时候考虑作定语（当然多半会改变句子重心）。三者之后若没有一种成分成立则排除选项，若有两种及以上在逻辑上说的通就判定为歧义

sunyuwei

旺财财 发表于 2014-9-14 20:20
打乱队形——回答一下问题
逻辑主语是s,同时主系表结构中 s 和o 的概念相同？这个话怎么讲~~~~~能提供个 ...

我找不到题目了
能麻烦楼主举个 主系表+ing 的例子么 让我体会下

旺财财

栗子2#这个栗子很经典，请好好吸收~~
PER og 25#
21 Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.
(A) Neuroscientists, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about the brain and its development from birth to adulthood, are
这里为什么有COMMA+Ving而Ving不是做ADV modifier？是违反了我2#讲的

这里VING做状语。有两个语法功能1——伴随动作，与主句V动同时发生（请参考OG13th 29#）:2-----伴随结果，主句带来的a result/a consequencee/a single aspect/a explanation./

吗？
nope！
因为这里preceding VING的只有 Neuroscientists
这个主语，如果你一定要修饰一个clause 这个unit是不存在的，所以这里它需要修饰这个noun。（功能同1，注意是功能————有合理的agent和cause———也就是M书上说的touch rule换了种说法）。这里算是做了一个插入成分，来做noun modifier~~~
和2#的总结不矛盾

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sunyuwei 发表于 2014-9-14 20:23
楼主以上总结的都是语法上的规律 是不是在语法上有comma的ing 接受作伴随动作，接受作伴随结果以及定语修饰 ...

最主要的 亲，你需要从 逻辑换句话说 语义。
句子和句子是不同的，G出的有的句子是grammar correct但是逻辑错误的，这也是错误选项还是高频错选选项~~
我发贴是为了帮你从每个句子里看 语意和语法的结合是很多变的。但是引用baby姐一句话叫 what 有很多但是why只有一个
what是什么，是句子的结构，why是什么，是句意。
在做题的时候看逻辑主语是否符合（即能否作伴随动作）；看作伴随结果在逻辑上是否说的通（即作伴随结果）；这两句话如果是你从 逻辑出发去理解，我想应该是不错的~~

旺财财

OG正确句子集合~~加深理解
这里贴一个助攻贴，与实际结合~~~~