OG12/13 SC 129; PREP07-Q8(第8题）从句倒装问题

SherlockedJohn

129. Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the 4,000 Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words.

(A) to which has been added English, Spanish, and Italian words
主谓倒装语序不好，且容易造成主谓不一致的陷阱，一定要调整回正常语序检查主谓是否一致。


(B) added to which is English, Spanish, and Italian words

(C) to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added
从句后面的主谓也应该是正常语序，主先谓后比较好。不要被迷惑了！
可能被to which迷惑了，因为有to，所以这句从句由新的从句主语和谓语组成，which作从句宾语。所以选A可能搞错成X, which v. （which=X，X仍做从句主语）这种的了。


(D) with English, Spanish, and Italian words having been added to it

(E) and, in addition, English, Spanish, and Italian words are added

【答案C。红色阴影部分是我觉得我做错的原因。】

【以下讨论来自CD】
▲关于A的倒装：
●正装的句子是：主语+谓语；倒装的句子就是：谓语+主语。
所以，一个句子，只要先见到的是谓语，后见到的是主语，那就是倒装。目的是表强调。
由原句：to which引导French的定语从句可知，which=French，放在to这个prep之后作定语从句的宾语。那么，定从的主语一定另有其人了~往后一看，找到了words。但是A在words之前先有了has been added这样的谓语，充分说明这是倒装结构。
总之，看倒装一定要找准主语和谓语。这道题目，只要知道which是定语从句的宾语，就不难解出了。
P.S.如果想which不作定从的宾语而做主语，那么句子要改成......French which have been added to English, Spanish, and Italian words，那么这样本题的逻辑就改变了。
因此为了避免大家不知道定从的引导词which=French究竟在从句中作主语还是宾语，才必须要把那个to提前。所以说to在which前的话，which就一定做从句宾语。
●A本质上和C一样，只是它用个倒装。
如果A是to which have been added English, Spanish, and Italian words它是没有语法错误的，但是它进行了主谓的倒装。这个倒装没有必要，所以不如C把主谓顺着放读着舒服。但是原选项A，除了这个没有必要的倒装外，has这个谓语，和后面的主语在主谓上并不一致，故这个绝对的语法错误点，导致A是个绝对错误的选项

▲再看另外一道考倒装的题目，Prep07-Q8。
8. (24933-!-item-!-188;#058&001582)
The Achaemenid empire of Persia reached the Indus Valley in the fifth century B.C., bringing the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and southern Indian alphabets.
(A) the Aramaic script with it, from which was derived both northern and
(B) the Aramaic script with it, and from which deriving both the northern and the
(C) with it the Aramaic script, from which derive both the northern and the
(D) with it the Aramaic script, from which derives both northern and
(E) with it the Aramaic script, and deriving from it both the northern and
【Prep07笔记】
考点:主谓一致（Agreement）简洁有效（Rhetorical Construction）
1) bring A with B 和 bring with B A 表达的意思相同
2)在倒装结构中,谓语动词的数的形式由谓语动词后的主语的形式决定。如ut of sth. grows a market for...(由 a market 决定谓语动词 grows).  

【以下讨论来自CD】
▲我想问下大家是怎样看出来这个是倒装结构的呢？
●n.+prep which SVO，这个结构的定语从句，which是介词的宾语。这里from which是介宾结构，which在从句中作宾语。看到from which自然会想在后面看到从句的主语，但which后面直接接了个derive，所以可以判断是倒装了，主语在后面。
●状语在句首一般都会倒装。另外状语不是名词性结构不能作为主语，肯定是倒装了。
▲是说如果是from which they derive这种情况就不是倒装了么？关键是在于which后面有没有名词性结构作主语？

内容有点乱，但是我的问题是，以下我的推断正确吗？？？因为没有在CD上找到定论，所以想确认一下自己的思路对不对：
我错以为是Empire derives…from script了！结果竟然是倒装！是alphabets derive from the script！不是和上面那道说倒装不好冲突了吗？？我猜想是不是【介词+which】后面一定要出现一个从句新主语，加上从句谓语和宾语（which）构成一句完整从句？所以说如果看到【介词+which】后面直接出现谓语而不是新名词主语，就说明是倒装？所以此类倒装句考点并不是说从句倒装就一定错，而是考你有没有搞清谁才是从句谓语的从句主语，从而设置主谓一致的陷阱。比如我理解错就是理解成了Empire reached…, bringing XXX, from which(XXX) (empire) derives… 所以【介词+which】从句的主语不可能是主句主语省略，而必须要出现一个新名词做从句主语？（或者说就算从句主语同主句主语也不能省略？）

以上纯属自己YY得出的总结，还请大牛指点迷津啊！！！

SherlockedJohn

又是没人的节奏= =真苦闷....................

SherlockedJohn

每次发帖问题目都木有人回答！！！被诅咒了么

zhouzhoucome

这种从句从句倒装的题我也纠结了很久，不是nn，但是讨论一下。
你说的一点对我很有启发：
“由原句：to which引导French的定语从句可知，which=French，放在to这个prep之后作定语从句的宾语。那么，定从的主语一定另有其人了~往后一看，找到了words。但是A在words之前先有了has been added这样的谓语，充分说明这是倒装结构。
总之，看倒装一定要找准主语和谓语。这道题目，只要知道which是定语从句的宾语，就不难解出了。”

完全倒装里：为了保持句子平行或上下文的连接更紧密，也可以采用倒装.（How, what, why, who, which为名词性从句引导词时，从句部分要用正装语序。
Eg. Guess who she is.）They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
主语有过多修饰语亦可采用完全倒装

所以，我的推断：在从句中，主谓的语序只要不发生歧义就行，但关键是从句的主谓要一致。
你说的，” to which引导French的定语从句可知，which=French，放在to这个prep之后作定语从句的宾语。”我觉得是关键，关键是要看出是做宾语成分（但我同时也觉得：也有可能做状语，例如”much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined”），所以在引导的从句中，一定有“新主语”，所以从句中的单复数也要跟这个“新主语”一致。

zhouzhoucome

同样有疑问：
The striking differences between the semantic organization of Native American languages and that of European languages, in both grammar and vocabulary, have led scholars to think about the degree to which differences in language may be correlated with nonlinguistic differences.
The period when the great painted caves at Lascaux and Altamira were occupied by Upper Paleolithic peoples has been established by carbon dating, but what is much more difficult to determine is the use to which primitive peoples put the caves, the reason for their decoration, and the meaning of the magnificently depicted animals.
这里又怎么解释？？？？

zhouzhoucome

这题也很纠结：
El Ni?o, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.

A a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine allowing the warm water that has accumulated
B a phenomenon where changes in the ocean and atmosphere are combining to allow the warm water that is accumulating
C a phenomenon in which ocean and atmosphere changes combine and which allows the warm water that is accumulated
D is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated
E is a phenomenon where ocean and atmosphere changes are combining and allow the warm water accumulating

D correct.
问题是：答案说in where优于where, 我就无语了……应该怎么还原这句话？？？

yimeilingmia

zhouzhoucome 发表于 2013-11-30 15:23
这题也很纠结：
El Ni?o, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, a phenomenon in w ...

where 只能加实际的地点，而phenomenon是抽象名词，所以要用in which

发动机

谢谢楼主总结～