PREP08 的178题 举的两个例子坑爹啊！！另外，商朝为啥用复数！

peby1223

在178题后，PREP笔记举了两个例子，我怎么感觉都有点问题：
首先是：

大全559.  One of Ronald Reagan’s first acts as President was to rescind President Carter’s directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries.

(A) that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States be prohibited from sale to other countries

(B) that any chemical be prohibited from sale to other countries that was banned on medical grounds in the United States

(C) prohibiting the sale to other countries of any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States

(D) prohibiting that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States is sold to other countries（C）

(E) that any chemical banned in the United States on medical grounds is prohibited from being sold to other countries

Key: C

PREP笔记中就说了一句“法令的内容通常以分词引导表效力的延续性，如laws, agreement(prep 1-221)和directive，后面不跟定语从句”
然后就选C？ 那请问A错在哪里？

其次是

GWD-30-Q39

In addition to being China’s first administrators, in the sense that they developed a coherent bureaucracy for their empire, the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, and they were well known for crafting ornate bronze ritual vessels.

A.               the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, and they were well known for crafting

B.               the first literate culture in East Asia were the Shang, well known as the crafters of

C.               the Shang, as the first literate culture in East Asia, is well known for its crafting

D.              the Shang were the first literate culture in East Asia and are well known as the crafters of

E.               the Shang were the first literate culture in East Asia and well known

  key: D

the Shang 为何用were复数？
我还去查了一下维基百科，维基百科里the Shang也用了复数，到底咋一回事？
维基原句：“In Japan and Korea, the Shang are still referred to almost exclusively as the Yin (In) dynasty.”

xushi19911011

the shang指的是商朝人，你看前面的修饰the shang的China’s first administrators， they developed a coherent bureaucracy，都很明显说的是人，不是这个朝代，而且administrater用复数，所以主语也应该是复数

peby1223

xushi19911011 发表于 2013-6-17 21:52
the shang指的是商朝人，你看前面的修饰the shang的China’s first administrators， they developed a coh ...

是哦，谢谢~~

kiwifoodtown

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-17 23:41
是哦，谢谢~~

大全559,A选项划线句子是个从句，从句既然是个句子那么一定有谓语动词，请LZ认真看一下哪个是谓语动词，它的形式是否正确，搞明白了这个，你就明白A为什么不对了。

peby1223

kiwifoodtown 发表于 2013-6-18 08:47
大全559,A选项划线句子是个从句，从句既然是个句子那么一定有谓语动词，请LZ认真看一下哪个是谓语动词， ...

that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States (should) be prohibited from sale to other countries
谓语动词是be啊

kiwifoodtown

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-18 12:04
that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States (should) be prohibited from sale  ...

BE动词这里为什么要用原形？

云游

借花献佛，摘用大神解释：
“what's the oa?

i like choice c better for two reasons.

- 'directive that ... be prohibited' is more awkward than 'directive prohibiting ...', and may in fact be considered incorrect. (from what i've seen, the use of 'directive' is similar to that of 'law', and you can't say things like 'prohibition was a law that the sale of alcohol be prohibited'.)
- 'prohibited from sale': i'm pretty sure that's wrong. the correct use of the idiom in this case would be 'chemical companies were prohibited from selling chemicals...'
you could also say that the sale of such chemicals is prohibited.”

peby1223

kiwifoodtown 发表于 2013-6-18 12:29
BE动词这里为什么要用原形？

directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States (should) be prohibited from sale to other countries
表示命令、要求的虚拟语气啊~

云游

云游 发表于 2013-6-18 14:12
借花献佛，摘用大神解释：
“what's the oa?

关于大全这题，A中错误有三：
其一， 【modifier】prohibit描述的是某个法令，长期的固有的属性，因此需要用v-ing形式做后置定语而不是定语从句。关于两者区别，有一帖送上http://forum.chasedream.com/thread-725214-1-1.html?userid=600146。
其二，【modifier&verb use】用定语从句修饰某个法令，修饰的时候要直接。应该是directive that prohibit ...from....而不是directive that...something is prohibited from...；我们之所以说主动大于被动，其原因多藏于此，修饰的时候不直接；另外，此处使用command subjunctive mood没有根据！同时我们可以说
I suggest you do it right now;但是我们不能说，I have a suggestion that you do it right now,"should"在此处不可省略。
其三，【idiom】关于prohibit...from的用法，习惯用法是prohibit sth/ prohibit from doing something..
个人看法，愿与诸位探讨。

kiwifoodtown

peby1223 发表于 2013-6-18 14:13
directive that any chemical banned on medical grounds in the United States (should) be prohibited  ...

哎，所以对词汇的精确理解很重要，directive是名词，后面从句为同位语从句，这时候directive that不能跟虚拟语气，只有在它的动词direct情况下后面跟that 为宾语从句才可以用虚拟语气。