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楼主
发表于 2012-9-21 16:05:46 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |倒序浏览 |阅读模式

Elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, which would make it seem that elk are mountain dwellers, while they once ranged over virtually all of the continental United States except for a small strip in the extreme Southwest.
A. Elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, which would make it seem that elk are mountain dwellers, while
B. The fact that elk now live almost solely in the Rocky Mountains would make it seem that they are mountain dwellers, but
C. It would seem that elk would be mountain dwellers because of their living now solely almost in the Rocky Mountains, but still
D. Now living almost solely in the Rocky Mountains, it would seem that elk were mountain dwellers, although
E. It seems that elk would be mountain dwellers from the fact that they now live solely almost in the Rocky Mountains, since



GWD-29-Q41

Gas hydrates, chemical compounds of water and natural gas, are increasingly being studied for their potential to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly causing sea floor instability, and significant contributors to global warming.



  • to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly causing sea floor instability, and
  • to be huge reservoirs of energy, possibly causing sea floor instability, and even as
  • as huge reservoirs of energy, possibly causing sea floor instability, and
  • as huge reservoirs of energy, and the possible cause of sea floor instability,
  • as huge reservoirs of energy, as possible causes of sea floor instability, and even as

   Answer: E.













To identify the Level of Generality for each sentence in a paragraph, we can assign a value ranging from 0–4 or more as follows
不知道为什么这儿有for  我觉得应该用of 指句子的概括性,如果这儿用for那它在这儿是什么意思呢?
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沙发
 楼主| 发表于 2012-9-21 16:06:30 | 只看该作者
because of 后可以接what从句,但是不能接其它that从句,更不能接省略引导词的从句
because of sth 不能作表语,这时可以用due to
但是当主语不是名词而是代词时,because of 亦可作表语
His absence was because of the rain.
正:His absence was due to the rain.
正:He was absent because of the rain.
但是有时若主语是代词(不是名词),也可以用 because of 引出的短语作表语。如:
It is just because of money. 那只是因为钱的原因。
That was because of his sickness. 那是因为他生病的原因。

bit little
bit 接名词(可数?不可数?)需要of  little 不用

born/borne

当用 be borne by
当用介词by的时候一定要用borne.  
主动语态时只能用borne
生育之外的意思是用borne   ; the task were borne on our shoulder.

表生于时用born
was born in…………
前置定语天生的时用born


till
需要用于持续动作,否则要用否定式。

since可用于省略句;Since so, we……
for为并列连词,because ,as since 为从属连词,当不表示原因而表示补充和推断时要用for

关于 for:是并列连词(其余三者为从属连词),它有时可表示因果关系(通常要放在主句之后,且可与 because 换用); 有时不表示因果关系,而是对前面分句内容的解释或推断(也要放在主句之后,但不能与because 换用)。比较:
The ground is wet,for (=because) it rained last night. 地面是湿的,因为昨晚下过雨。
It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet this morning. 昨晚一定下过雨,你看今天早上地面是湿的。(此句不能用 because 代 for)


板凳
发表于 2012-9-21 16:47:43 | 只看该作者
个人愚见,那是做同位语的成分。
地板
发表于 2012-9-21 17:24:14 | 只看该作者
是做 non-restrictive modifier 修饰前面的its own system
5#
发表于 2012-9-21 17:32:11 | 只看该作者
就是定语啊,定语也可以有逗号的。

identify A for B 的结构
6#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-9-21 17:59:20 | 只看该作者

是做 non-restrictive modifier 修饰前面的its own system

你好,因为我从来没有见过 过去分词作定语被逗号隔开的(句中除外),  可否另举一例?或者给出一个确切的出处来? non-restrictive modifiier


谢谢
7#
发表于 2012-9-21 18:05:30 | 只看该作者
这个在OG还是另外是非常常见的一种用法,你去看看曼哈顿。。

modifier有 restrictive 和 non-restrictive两种,曼哈顿上面说,你可以用有没有逗号简单的区分,有逗号的是非限定,没的是限定性的。。更精准是用意思来区分
8#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-9-21 18:32:17 | 只看该作者

The author Herman Melville and the poet Walt Whitman are icons of American liter

我看了曼哈顿,找到这样一个句子,The author Herman Melville and the poet Walt Whitman are icons of American literature, greatly beloved by generations past and present.    这是过去分词作 non_restrict modifier ,但是我们会发现在它的逻辑主语是句子的主语。我们见到大多句子都是这样,你有否见过和我上面完全相同的句子,能否举出一例
9#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-9-21 22:08:59 | 只看该作者
英语中的“副词+名词”结构
张道真(2002) 在《实用英语语法》提出:副词偶尔也可以用作定语修饰名词:
  (14)The students here are all very kind to my sister.(这儿的学生对我妹妹很好。)
  (15)The above sentences are very important.(上面的句子是很重要的。)
  在例句(14)中here用作后置定语修饰students,我们这里的here就是副词,短语可以翻译为“这儿的学生”,例句(15)中则是前置的above来修饰sentences,表示“上述句子”。
章振邦(1997)也明确指出副词在词组中可以作修饰语,修饰名词和整个名词词组。章振邦给出了下面的例子**:
  (16)a. This job will takes quite some time. (这工作需要很长时间)
b. She’s rather a fool.(她真是一个傻子) 
(17)a. the way ahead(前面的路)
b. his trip abroad(他的国外旅程)
章振邦(1997)认为例(16)a句中的副词quite修饰some time,表示颇有一些时间;b句中的rather修饰名词词组a fool(真是一个傻子)。例(17)中副词ahead和abroad放在名词之后作名词的后置定语。
  此外,英语中的“副+名”还有更多的例子:an away team(客队),the then government(当时的政府),now worry(如今的操心事)。另外,副词还可以作后置定语: 如 The way ahead(前面的路), the sentence below(后面的句子), your friends here(你这里的朋友们)等等。
  (18)The man there is my brother(那里的男人是我的弟弟)。
  (19)This race, which went on for exactly 4 months, was the last of its kind.(这场整整持续了四个月的比赛是此类比赛中的最后一项)。
很显然例(19)“exactly”不是修饰整句的。“exactly”为副词,在朗文词典中解释为“used to emphasize that a number, amount, or piece of information is or should be completely correct in every detail.”**由上可看出,“exactly”能够用来强调一个数字,如例(19)句中的“4 months”。再如:
  (20)It’s exactly half past five. (现在正好五点半)
  (21)The figures may not be exactly right, but they’re close enough.(这些数字不一定完全准确,但是已经很接近了。)
语法书似乎都不愿意直接把副词修饰名词作为一个条目来明确写出,碰到这样的情况,张道真的解释是:“有少数副词位置非常灵活,例如only和even,可放在与它们意思最密切的字前”。**
   三、英语中“副词+名词”结构的类型
  我们对英语中副词修饰名词的情况与之所对应汉语进行相关分类,大致可以分为以下主要的几类**:
  1、少数的地点、方位副词起形容词的作用,用作前置或者后置定语来修饰名词。说明人或事物存在的地点或者场所。例如:
  (22)The boy there is my little brother. (那里的那个男孩儿是我弟弟) 
  (23)The statement above was issued yesterday. (以上声明是昨天发表的)
  2、英语中的这类副词相当汉语中的范围副词,表示限定的范围,对后面的名词起到突出的作用。章振邦(1997)指出:“表示语义焦点的词语也可以修饰整个名词短语”,**例如:
  (24)We are told that there were two hundred employees, chiefly children. (我们被告知那有200个雇员,主要是孩子。)
  (25)The people here today were mainly women and children and elderly people, and the place was packed.(今天这里的人主要是女人孩子以及老人,整个地方都被挤满了。)
  (26)Some footcare products are very useful, especially competitive brands(一些足疗保健产品很有用,特别是有竞争力的牌子)
  (27)It was Elizabeth’s first trip abroad.(这是伊丽莎白第一次国外之旅)3、 少数时间副词可以修饰名词,作前置或者后置定语,表示人所处的时间。例如:
  (28)It was fine the day before. (前一天天气不错)
  (29)The then president ordered these books.(当时的校长订的这些书)  
  4、相当于汉语中的程度副词,突出所修饰名词的程度性。如
  (30)It is rather a find.(这是一个相当好的发现)
  (31)Even a child could look up all the information needed.(甚至一个小孩子都能查找到所需要的信息)
  (32)He is quite a man.(他真是个男子汉) 
   结 语
  通过上文分析,我们发现在汉语和英语里面都有副词修饰名词的用法,我们通过分析汉语和英语中“副词+名词”结构的类型发现:两种语言都是范围副词修饰名词的较为普遍。在汉语中“程度副词+名词”的结构很多,但英语中并不多见。此外,我们发现在副词修饰名词的情况下,英语和汉语的语序通常是相反的:汉语里“副+名”结构基本都是前置的定语,而英语中后置的定语的情况就比较多见。语序的不同更能凸显句子中需要强调的对象,汉语里面“副词+名词”这种“超常搭配”也能起到同样的效果。这一形式也从另一方面说明语言在使用中为了起到“凸显”的作用和效果,可能会使用一些超常规的使用方式,突破原来的语法局限。汉英“副词+名词”结构的相似性不仅体现了人类认知的类同性,也证明了人类思维的共性。
10#
发表于 2012-9-21 22:28:53 | 只看该作者
OG12
many of the earliest known images of hindu deities in india date from the time of the Kushan Epire, fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or Gandharan grey schist
这一题就是,过去分词做非限定性修饰,修饰逗号前的名词
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