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“Unless they are used as strictly temporary measures, rent-control ordinances(muncipal regulations placing limits on rent increases) have several negative effects for renters. One of these is that the controls will bring about a shortage of rental units. This disadvantage for renters occurs over the long run, but the advantage-smaller rent increase-occurs immediately. In many municipalities, specifically in all those where tenants of rent-control units have a secure hold on political power and can get rent-control ordinances enacted or repealed, it is invariably the desire for short-term gain that guides those tenants in the exercise of that power," Question: If the statements above are true, which one of the following can be properly inferred from them?
A. It is impossible for landlords to raise rents when rent controls are in effect. B. In many municipalities rent control ordinances are repealed as soon as shortages of rental units arise. C. The only negative effect of rent control for renters is that it brings about a shortage of rental units. D. In many municipalities there is now, or eventually will be, a shortage of rental units. E. In the long term, a shortage of rental units will raise rents substantially.
我选的是b,但是正确答案是d 我是这样思考的: A肯定不对,它的“impossible”太过绝对化。原文说的是“smaller rent increase”, 并没有说完全没有increase
B 项我当时并不觉得他一定正确,但是相比其他选项,我觉得他要更好。因为原文中说,那些tenants有political power 去enact也有权力去repeal这个rent-control的法令。而原文最后一句话告诉我们,推动这些tenenats去运用他们的political power的是他们对rent-control所带来的短期利益的渴望。而原文第一句话又明确说了,只有当rent-control用于短期时,它的负面作用才不会凸显。既然这些tenants关心的是短期利益,而他们又有权利执行或废除rent-control这项法令,那么他们就肯定会用他们的权力保障他们所关心的短期利益,即把rent-control控制在短期内。所以,当shortage一旦出现时,他们所关心的短期利益就受到威胁,所以他们就会用他们的political power去repeal这个rent-control ordinance
C 项也是过于绝对化。并不是唯一的negative effect,而是several negative effects中的一个
D 项我觉得并不一定。因为tenants有political power 去repeal这个rent-control ordinance。而当他们关心的short-term benefits没有了时,他们完全可以废除这项法令,从而阻止了shortage的发生
E.项的“substantially” 过于绝对化,原文中并没有提到。
这道题的正确答案是D, 但是我真的不明白为什么它是对的,而b项又为什么不对?遇到这种题,我应该如何思考?如何着手呢? |
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