OG12 67 看了之前的所有帖子发现好多结论都是错误的，而且有不少遗留问题。 在这里也顺便把 if引导的条件句知识总结了

zhongshanlh

我又来发帖求助了。。。。

67. Affording strategicproximity to the Strait of Gibraltar, Morocco was also of interest to theFrench throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumedthat if they did not hold it, their grip on Algeria was always insecure.

(A) if they did not holdit, their grip on Algeria was always insecure

(B) without it their gripon Algeria would never be secure

(C) their grip on Algeriawas not ever secure if they did not hold it

(D) without that, theycould never be secure about their grip on Algeria

(E) never would their gripon Algeria be secure if they did not hold it

OA：B

下面是分析部分

一、首先理清一下if引导的条件句的知识点，其实是从另一个帖子里面粘贴过来的，对于理清这道题目帮助非常大：

1. if引导的条件状语从句的分类及虚拟条件句的判断

1）可以把if引导的条件状语从句分为两类：

真实条件句（Sentences of Real Condition）：凡是假设的情况发生性可能很大，就是真实条件句。

例如：If I have time , I will help you with this work.如果我有时间会帮助你做此工作的。
As long as I say anything wrong, you must point it out.只要我说了什么错话，你一定要指出来。
If time permits, we'll go fishing together.(如果有时间的话，我们就一起去钓鱼。）
虚拟条件句（Sentences of Unreal Condition）：当假设是不大可能实现时，就是虚拟条件句。
例如：If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.如果我是你的话，就去参加会议了。
If he had come here yesterday, he would have seen his old friend.假如他昨天来这儿的话，就会看见他的老朋友。
If it had rained yesterday, we would have stayed at home.（如果昨天下雨的话，我们就会留在家里。）
2) if条件状语从句中是否使用虚拟语气的判断：只有在虚拟条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，就要用虚拟语气。
判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反。与现在事实相反。与将来事实可能相反。
3）、关于if条件句中时态的确认：如果是真是条件句，则根据上下文语境合理使用合适的时态即可。而如果是虚拟条件句的话，则需要使用虚拟语气进行表达，这时候的时态就要使用“后退一步法”了——后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即：在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。
例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him.
If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.

二、下面是对这道题目的分析：
根据上面补充的if引导的条件句的判断原则，针对这个题目，首先要判断是不是应当使用虚拟语气。1、因为主句中they assumed that后面跟内容是一种相对于过去（就是他们发出assumed这个动作的时刻）还没有发生的而且很可能发生的情况（就是如果他们不控制好Morocco，他们对于Algeria的掌控就不会安全），所以可以很明确的判断出来是真实条件句，而不是虚拟条件句，所以我认为这里根本就不需要使用虚拟语气。
2、在判断清楚这一点之后我们就可以得出结论，assumed that宾语从句中主句是一般过去时，然后从句的will自然而然的就应当变成would了。
我个人认为这个说法比较圆满的解决了之前好多同学关于本题中虚拟语气的问题。
open to discuss。
三、此外这个题目还有3个历史遗留问题：
1个是正确选项B选项中的without it的用法，请NN解读一下。
2是D选项中的could为什么不对。
3是E选项的倒装后OG解释说Inverted word order is awkward and confusing，不理解为什么不对。
求解答

clairexuan9

D选项感觉是without that就可以排除了吧...

E选项，GMAT中真的不怎么出倒装句.....肯定没有顺着来好

至于B，就更多的是语感了吧。。。

其实我最近也挺头疼的，刷OG觉得GMAC就出那么几种题型，就那么几种干扰选项。但是来CD，感觉大家分析的都好细哦....弄得我有时候感觉自己的语法点儿都弄得不对了。但是其实真正考试的时候，是没有时间扣语法的。。。。我觉得还是跟着OG的思路来吧......

wangjieava23

1个是正确选项B选项中的without it的用法，请NN解读一下。
whithout it, 或者 withiout something, 和if引导的从句一样，可以表示一种虚拟语气。

2是D选项中的could为什么不对。
theycould never be secure about their grip on Algeria
我认为这个读起来很不通顺，有些啰嗦。awkward 应该是绕口，比较笨笨的感觉吧，不是不对。下面的问题也是

3是E选项的倒装后OG解释说Inverted word order is awkward and confusing，不理解为什么不对。

但是读帖子就是这样，读着读着，就看到自己的盲点了. 这题D选项中，为什么不能用it替代that呢？

wangjieava23

martelena wrote:

I see why B is correct, it is obviously superior to other choices. But I’d like to understand completely what is wrong with D.
I see that “without that” should be “without it” to refer to Morocco. But is it all?


it's not ok to use "that" as a standalone pronoun.
it's only ok to use “that” is a pronoun in a parallel comparison, e.g., the economy of country x is stronger than that of country y.


Quote:

Is “could never be secure” wrong? Why?


it has the wrong meaning.
the intended meaning of the sentence is that their actual grip would never be secure -- but this wording seems to indicate that they, themselves, would never have secure feelings about that grip (regardless of the strength of the grip itself).


Quote:

And I also read somewhere that “secure about” is the wrong idiom, is it true?


remember that there's no such thing as “the wrong idiom” (a wording that wrongly suggests that there is exactly one correct version of any idiom).
there are correct idioms and incorrect idioms, but there will rarely be exactly one way in which something can be written.

this idiom can be correct, if it refers to secure feelings that someone holds about something. for instance, even after becoming millionaires, the Smiths still did not feel secure about their finances is a perfectly correct sentence.

就是这样，我每次发言就是要证明自己有多无知。Ron 在这个帖子里解释了， 楼主的第二个问题了。

zhongshanlh

谢谢23~我感觉Ron是在强调would表明的含义是一种客观性的（这个题中就是如果不怎么怎么样，那么另一件事情就会发生），而could则更侧重一种主观性的内容（放入本题中的含义就会成为如果不怎么怎么样，那么他们就不能保证保证另一件事情），表述的不太清楚。。。

martelena wrote:

I see why B is correct, it is obviously superior to other choices. But I’d like to understand completely what is wrong with D.
I see that “without that” should be “without it” to refer to Morocco. But is it all?


it's not ok to use "that" as a standalone pronoun.
it's only ok to use “that” is a pronoun in a parallel comparison, e.g., the economy of country x is stronger than that of country y.


Quote:

Is “could never be secure” wrong? Why?


it has the wrong meaning.
the intended meaning of the sentence is that their actual grip would never be secure -- but this wording seems to indicate that they, themselves, would never have secure feelings about that grip (regardless of the strength of the grip itself).


Quote:

And I also read somewhere that “secure about” is the wrong idiom, is it true?


remember that there's no such thing as “the wrong idiom” (a wording that wrongly suggests that there is exactly one correct version of any idiom).
there are correct idioms and incorrect idioms, but there will rarely be exactly one way in which something can be written.

this idiom can be correct, if it refers to secure feelings that someone holds about something. for instance, even after becoming millionaires, the Smiths still did not feel secure about their finances is a perfectly correct sentence.

就是这样，我每次发言就是要证明自己有多无知。Ron 在这个帖子里解释了， 楼主的第二个问题了。

-- by 会员 wangjieava23 (2012/3/21 15:50:32)

wangjieava23

恩，恩。清楚了。 谢谢呢，昨天没有读懂呢。

zwhjzwhj

LZ我没明白你说的句子的时态问题，而且这里面的6句话例题也和你说的不一样啊？

例如：If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.
和后面的：If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students

与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。那么第一个句子为什么加have？

与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
这个could是怎么个用法？？

另外这道题的确云里雾里，OG的解释又偏偏惜字如金，求更多的分析讨论。

zhongshanlh

关于第一部分if条件句分类，我主要是参考的这个帖子http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-458231-1-1.html?SearchText=if%20%E6%9D%A1%E4%BB%B6%E5%8F%A5
关于你说的几个例子，我当时往这个帖子中整理粘贴饿时候确实没有细看，现在我自己一看，觉得确实也合适，详细的关于if引导的内容你可以参看以下manhattan中虚拟语气那张，我记得一共例句了6中if引导的句子的结构，包括虚拟语气和非虚拟语气的。

LZ我没明白你说的句子的时态问题，而且这里面的6句话例题也和你说的不一样啊？

例如：If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.
和后面的：If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students

与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。那么第一个句子为什么加have？

与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
这个could是怎么个用法？？

另外这道题的确云里雾里，OG的解释又偏偏惜字如金，求更多的分析讨论。

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/4/16 20:34:41)

zhongshanlh

第三部分的几个问题，不知道你有什么看法？对于第二个could的用法出来之前讨论的你有别的看法么？还有就是E选型中使用了倒装除了it的指代问题，关于OG的解释有什么想法么？

LZ我没明白你说的句子的时态问题，而且这里面的6句话例题也和你说的不一样啊？

例如：If I were you , I would have attended the meeting.
和后面的：If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students

与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。那么第一个句子为什么加have？

与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
这个could是怎么个用法？？

另外这道题的确云里雾里，OG的解释又偏偏惜字如金，求更多的分析讨论。

-- by 会员 zwhjzwhj (2012/4/16 20:34:41)

teddybearj4

关于第一个问题，除了without it = if they did not hold it之外，我搜到斑竹解答的例外一个帖子，说without it是做伴随状语的。http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-416944-1-1.html
而且我觉得这样再通过句子的语意来理解，可以体会出后面是要表达一种虚拟的条件情况，没必要记什么含蓄条件句。