GWD-31-Q30 求NN解释

tiffaniii

30. GWD-31-Q30 B
The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade

A.    The United States petroleum industry’s cost to meet environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.    
B.    It is estimated that by the end of the decade the cost to the United States petroleum industry of meeting environmental regulations will be ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.
C.    By the end of the decade, the United States petroleum industry’s cost of meeting environmental regulations is projected at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.    
D.    To meet environmental regulations, the cost to the United States petroleum industry is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum by the end of the decade.    
E.    The United States petroleum industry’s cost by the end of the decade to meet environmental regulations is estimated at ten percent of the price per barrel of refined petroleum.  

我看答案上写得B，但对B和C很纠结，就NN知道

shangchangle

我不是NN。。。但NN估计过节去了。。。抛砖引玉~仅供参考
我做这题的时候也纠结B和C，不过看了论坛里的“GWD-SC分析汇总”有了启发，里面说C有两个问题，我做了一点扩展：
1、By the end of the decade前置有歧义：注意时间状语前置通常都会产生歧义错误！！By the end of the decade前置会给读者一个下意识的错觉使他们认为这是修饰is projected at的时间状语，但是看到后面就会发现不是这么回事，其实是修饰成本变化这一情况的，虽说这个歧义不大但是多少不如B来得好，因为B把表示估计的“estimate”前置了避免了歧义，且用了will be，这样明显B比C好
2、be projected的用法不正规：project作为预测、估计而言，首先通常用被动语态，这个没问题，但是其常用方式不是be projected at，具体是什么就不清楚了.....但是也许estimate的用法可用做参考——若estimate的主语为某种属性（age,cost等），可以接at/to be；若主语为某种属性的主体（car,person等)，只能接to be。也就是说to be对于estimate更常用，也许可以类比project。但是这点比较牵强。

综上，第一个时间歧义我认为问题比较明显，第二点有待考证。。。希望有所帮助

tiffaniii

谢谢ls的细致的分析，我应该明白了！新年快乐！！

shangchangle

谢谢ls的细致的分析，我应该明白了！新年快乐！！

-- by 会员 tiffaniii (2012/1/24 16:51:53)

哈哈~LZ客气了！不过谨慎起见，还是求NN指教project的用法！！