With 型独立主格修饰的是主句主语还是就近名词或句中任意名词？

kelebonnie

220. (GWD-24-8, OG12-86)
The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.  
A.    which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B.    which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C.    which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling
D.    with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling  
E.    with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen
此题正确答案为C   PREP语法笔记中分析说   “ D选项的with独立主格修饰前面的分句，而不是its profits，修饰错误”  我不太理解，难道独立主格在这里不可以修饰profit吗

酱子啊

如果就近修饰逻辑正确，用定语从句！！！！！。如果就近修
饰错误，用with状语，可以跳跃修饰

酱子啊

aeoluseros ：
D和E中increase需要有指代对象，而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法，如果with表示原因，则其无修饰对象，increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表)，那么with的逻辑主语成了results，错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能）（伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能，只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了）：
1. 表示原因，此时不需要考虑逻辑主语，只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果)，此时需要注意逻辑主语，且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).（with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of，如prep2-193）.
3. 表示状态（此时前面需要是主系表），同样需要逻辑主语。

kelebonnie

如果就近修饰逻辑正确，用定语从句！！！！！。如果就近修
饰错误，用with状语，可以跳跃修饰

-- by 会员 酱子啊 (2011/10/28 16:49:00)

那你的意思是不是就是说， with独立主格形式 不可能修饰紧挨它的名词

kelebonnie

aeoluseros ：
D和E中increase需要有指代对象，而根据下面三条with做独立主格时用法，如果with表示原因，则其无修饰对象，increase也无所指。如果with表示伴随状态(因为前面是主系表)，那么with的逻辑主语成了results，错误。因此with独立主格在这里怎么看都是错的。

with短语做状语三个功能）（伴随原因、动作、状态是独立主格的基本功能，只是因为三种独立主格形式的不同具体应用起来也不同罢了）：
1. 表示原因，此时不需要考虑逻辑主语，只是修饰前面整句
2. 表示伴随动作(非伴随结果)，此时需要注意逻辑主语，且前面不能是完成时态(这样就不能伴随动作了).（with短语要表示伴随结果则需要用with the result of，如prep2-193）.
3. 表示状态（此时前面需要是主系表），同样需要逻辑主语。

-- by 会员 酱子啊 (2011/10/28 16:56:24)

你的回答我有一些疑问
1.  with结构表示伴随动作（非结果伴随），此时的逻辑主语可以是前面句子中的哪个成分？
2.当with独立主格表示状态（此时前面是主系表）时，它的逻辑主语必须是主系表的主语，逻辑主语不能是其它的成分？
3.我不太能区分你说的 表示伴随动作和表示状态的区别

以下是一个例句，ls能帮我分析一下吗？

Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

plainn

顶

wangjieava23

12-86The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen


in general,"COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause. rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.

这是manhatten instructor Ron的对这题with的回复。

下面是Ron 在另外一个帖子里的回复：
“i think you may be talking about modifiers like this one:
A total of $100,000 was given to the school last month, with $50,000 specifically marked for scholarship funds for poor students.
in this instance, the "with..." modifier modifies the general idea of the preceding clause. but notice that it actually gives more information about that idea.”

再看这句楼上要分析的句子：
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

是不是和Ron 举得例子很像，可以看成对主句整个"看"这个活动的补充。要是非要找修饰词也是可以找出来的。但是，说成对整句修饰也可以。

我看了Ron 关于with的解释，对“，+with ” 这种情况的总结就是：副词属性，修饰整个前句。

瓜瓜不瓜

Ls说的很对，COMMA + prep phrase modifier就是补充说明逗号前的句子的，修饰主句

Eminent

12-86The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell over the last two years.

A. which increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it fell
B. which had increased five percent during the first three months of this year after it had fallen
C. which have increased five percent during the first three months of this year after falling over the last two years
D. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after falling
E. with a five percent increase during the first three months of this year after having fallen


in general,"COMMA + prep phrase modifier" is an adverbial modifier, meaning that it modifies the entirety of the preceding clause.in this sentence, we don't want an adverbial modifier, since it doesn't make any sense for this modifier to apply to the entire preceding clause. rather, we want a modifier that will only modify the noun at the end of the preceding clause (i.e., "profits"). since this is the exact function of a "which" modifier, that's the modifier we want here.

这是manhatten instructor Ron的对这题with的回复。

下面是Ron 在另外一个帖子里的回复：
“i think you may be talking about modifiers like this one:
A total of $100,000 was given to the school last month, with $50,000 specifically marked for scholarship funds for poor students.
in this instance, the "with..." modifier modifies the general idea of the preceding clause. but notice that it actually gives more information about that idea.”

再看这句楼上要分析的句子：
Visitors to the park have often looked into the leafy canopy and seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging like socks on a clothesline.

是不是和Ron 举得例子很像，可以看成对主句整个"看"这个活动的补充。要是非要找修饰词也是可以找出来的。但是，说成对整句修饰也可以。

我看了Ron 关于with的解释，对“，+with ” 这种情况的总结就是：副词属性，修饰整个前句。

-- by 会员 wangjieava23 (2012/3/4 22:26:42)

Thanks.

songziwei

感谢分享！