OG 12-117 请教 them的指代问题

nedvedxmu

79. George Sand (Aurore Lucile Dupin) was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these with sympathy and respect in her novels.

1. to be legitimate subjects for literature and portray these
   
   
2. should be legitimate subjects for literature: portray these
   
   
3. as being legitimate subjects for literature an portraying them
   
   
4. as if they were legitimate subjects for literal; and portray them
   
   
5. legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them
   答案是E。 我的问题是根据下面的这个原则，them为什么不优先指代subjects？虽然从逻辑意思我知道是不能指代subjects的
   
   ：有一条就近指代原则:当一个句子中出现两个以上的复数名词时,复数代词优先指代离它近的复数
   名词,这条原则用样适用于单数名词.
   
   这个就近原则是否只是一般情况？到底该如何判别代词的指代有问题呢？谢谢。
   
   
   

flywer

我觉得这个所谓的原则严格说来是不能算作真正的原则的    引用一句斑斑aeoluseros之前总结的关于SC的思维方式（也是我觉得唯一可以称得上原则的）：结构简洁、句意明确，语义单一而精准     具体应用到代词的指代问题上就是：代词的指代明确无歧义，整个句子所要表达的意思清晰。

推荐一个帖子，置顶帖里的，专门说代词的指代问题的http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-15311-1-1.html

另外，关于这个题目，我觉得OG上的解释还是很清楚的,可以仔细体会下~我一直觉得从对称的角度来说，them也是指代the rural poor的：George...to consider the rural poor.....and to potray them(them与the rural poor是对应的)     当然，这种思维方式不一定适用于其他句子，因为在这个句子中，最关键的还是要知道为什么用these是不对的：These is a demonstrative pronoun, and here it is unclear what it is pointing to as its antecedent:Subjects is the nearest plural noun
antecedent,but these could also point to something not in the sectence, an unkown noun.Only the objective form od the pronoun(them) clearly points back to its antecedent the rural poor.

nedvedxmu

谢谢啊，都把那些讨论帖给忘了。

我看到一条斑竹们说比较准的原则“从句代词优先指代主句主语”，并且说几个例子基本符合该原则，我摘录了两个。
第一题还好说，第二题的主句主语不是automobile insustry吗？ 但是their指代的应该是cars
1）The filibuster, a parliamentary device that slows the snail’s pace that prevails even in the best of times in congressional sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems more and more an anachronism in the age of telecommunications.
(A) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(B) sessions and tests the endurance of everyone who is associated with it, seeming to be
(C) sessions, tests the endurance of everyone associated with it, seems
(D) sessions, that tests the endurance of everyone associated with it and seems
(E) sessions, testing the endurance of everyone associated with it and seeming

The answer is A.

2）In December of 1987 an automobile manufacturer pleaded no contest to criminal charges of odometer tampering and agreed to pay more than $16 million in civil damages for cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected.
(A) cars that were test-driven with their odometers disconnected
(B) cars that it had test-driven with their disconnected odometers
(C) its cars having been test-driven with disconnected odometers
(D) having test-driven cars with their odometers disconnected
(E) having cars that were test-driven with disconnected odometers

The answer is D.

几位斑竹都说符合

flywer

恩  第二题我也觉得这里是指cars的，主语是单数嘛，不会是指an automobile manufacturer的