GWD28-Q30 until后跟动词的时态问题

hughlv

30. GWD28-Q30:

Unlike the body’s inflammatory response to cuts and sprains, with widespread swelling and stiffness immobilizing the injured area until it heals, the body’s response to sunburn is more localized and resulting in a distinct line dividing affected and unaffected areas of the skin.

A.with widespread swelling and stiffness immobilizing the injured area until it heals, the body’s response to sunburn is more localized and resulting
B.where the injured area is immobilized with widespread swelling and stiffness until it has healed, sunburn generates a more localized response in the body, which results instead
C.with the injured area immobilized by means of widespread swelling and stiffness until healing, sunburn generates a more localized response in the body, one resulting
D.in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area until it has healed, the body’s more localized response to sunburn results
E.in which widespread swelling and stiffness immobilize the injured area until healing, instead, the body’s more localized response to sunburn results

答案是D。问题是这里的until it has healed这种用法从没见过，为什么这是正确的？我觉得until后面应该是动词的一般现在时吧，比如until he arrives。

gmatziyu

在这里感觉是表示结果，就是某个时间点the wound has healed..不过这题的考点似乎是平行结构，修饰关系什么的。
hughlv研究的好细啊。。语法题有时感觉就是在若干个中找个最好的。。还要快。。晕。

gracezz

is more localized and resulting
借贴问一下这个A选项里面 被动语态的be和be doing的be两个是同样功能吗？可以省吗？这个A省了后面的is是不是也是一个错的地方呢？

kaipiggy

请问，这个it 指代什么呢。body在原文中做为修饰response的形容词出现，it是不能够指代 body的，因此只能指代response.可是指代response逻辑上说不通，请NN们指教。

爱兔兰

it指代the injured area

viridian

E 选项为什么不可以啊....