语法中关于比较的几个知识点总结

大大的刀刀

二刷OG发现了比较结构这方面的几个知识点，不知道自己的总结是否有误，想和大家一起讨论讨论。参考资料基本来自Ron和CD论坛上一些题目的讨论帖。语法有时候真难理解，需要大佬帮帮忙 (´；ω；‘)

1）比较对象在意思上的一致(如“数量”和具体的“物体”不能比较,事情的影响不和事情本身比较）

注意美国人在用词上的神逻辑，像这个经典的河流题，xx lake more than other lakes 就是错的，

错误句子：While more than 300 rivers drain intoit, Siberia's Lake Baikal holds 20 percent ofthe world's fresh water, which is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined

这边前后就是把水量和lake（一个具体的名词）在比较，不可比

正确句子：More than 300 rivers drain into Siberia's Lake Baikal, which holds 20percent of the world's fresh water, more than all the North American GreatLakes combined.

例2：正确句子 Manyteenagers undergo stress, but results of a recent study indicate that thepatterns of stress that girls experience are more likely to result in depression than are those that boys experience.

这个题也是先看好在比较什么，不是在比patterns of stress这个名词，而是比较有压力之后的影响（result in depression)这就是为什么后面是arethose。。。。为什么加助动词，而不是直接加代词指代，直接指代就变成名词相比较了。——本质还是有了歧义

• 另外这边放一个很抠字眼的情况
  

错误句子：Unlike the river in many cities in theUnited Stated, which is no longer the local point of urban life, in SanAntonio the river windsthrough the middle of the business district, and the River Walk, or Pasco delRio, is the city's most popular attraction. 是unlike的对比，这边unlike后面直接加的the river,但后面是in+N +the river,就是说中间隔了个成分，不如直接加the river好。当然这个题因为有更好的选项才抛弃这个，我感觉这个没有别的错误吧。

可能是紧跟原则？ More than类比较好像也是看这个比较词后面紧跟着什么

2）特殊情况：有时候两种理解意思都是可以的,意思重点不一样（特别是出现了时间段）

例1：Pricesat the producer level are only 1.3 percent higher now than a year ago..... 时间对比

这边可以理解为是同一个主体在不同时间段的对比

Prices at the producer level are only 1.3 percent higher now than those of a year ago. 价格本身对比

*一个小点：这边为什么前面是price at…后面是those of 还能对比，严格来说前面不应该来一个price of?

Ron: "those" already stands forthe entirety of "prices at the producer level"

很神奇emmm

另一个例子

Most of the country’s biggest daily newspapers had lower circulation in the six months from October 1995 through March 1996 than a similar period a year earlier.

A. a similar period

B. a similar period’s

C. in a similar period

D. that in a similar period

E. that of a similar period

答案：C   我一开始以为是D

大佬说这边是两种比较方法：

1）the circulationin X is lower than THAT in Y ;

2) havea lower circulation in X than IN Y…

这道题属于第二种情况

RON对于这个点的解释：

you can't separate out the noun from a prepositional phrase. ifyou're writing a comparison involving "NOUN1 + prep + NOUN2", thenthe other side should be either

* another noun that iscompared to NOUN1, not to NOUN2（情况1）

or

* anotherprepositional phrase that is compared to prep + NOUN2.（情况2）

例1：These people are betterwriters of fiction than ofnonfiction.（情况2）

Fiction & nonfiction对比，不加of就变成了people & nonfiction对比

例2：The characters in Restrepo's novel are morerealistic than thosein Yepes's  不同作品里面的人物对比（情况1）

Restrepo's characters are more realistic than Yepes's.    两个作品本身对比

所以说句子的结构服务于句子意思，主要还是看句子意思需要哪两个东西对比

3）动宾结构不补助动词容易有歧义，但如果另外一个意思过于荒谬可忽略歧义

例2：正确句子wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain

这个句子貌似前面是fat后面是livestock不可比，其实是可以的。前面虽然是SVO完整结构，但是fat和livestock比较意思上很荒谬，所以这边实际上不存在歧义的问题了，默认这个句子是主语对比（wild animals对比livestock)

但话说回来这个题也没有合适的结构构成宾语比较

错误句子：wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain

这边这个that貌似指代到fat构成宾语对比，但实际上结构不平行。前面是have fat后面是that of,要这么用前面要对应的是fatof wild animals 才行。所以对比起来正确句子更好。

4）特殊类：两个表示疑问的部分做比较/平行

Ron:

what he knows and who spoke to him --> parallel (two 'wordsthat suggest questions' as explained above)

what he knows and the people who spoke to him --> nope  前面是疑问部分后面是普通名词，错

the things he knows and who spoke to him --> nope

OG句子：The absence of statistics about women from business and financial records of thenineteenth century leaves us with no record of either what jobs womenperformed or how they survived economically.

这两个部分都类似于在提问

根本不知道总结的对不对，有不对的求各位指正！！

长丝弓

感谢分享！               

海天一线9401

我觉得例1错误是在于which用法错误，which在此处意思变成了 world's fresh water is more than all the North American Great Lakes combined，其实正确答案中还是把20%和.....combined放在一起比较的