写在前面的话：托福是规定每篇文章有这些句型的：（定从状从各种句式的平行并列的呼应+长修饰的大句子（主谓中间有很多修饰）+词汇要求）解决的办法：找主谓和修饰对象。阅读只是在句式的要求上面难了很多词汇要求没变的。同样前面听力总结的出题点不难（分层，对比考特征，并列，强调）它是在阅读体系上面，听力的出题点和阅读出题点是有相同点的
题目做错的话：每题都在旁边写出分析：考点题型方法（问题是什么和选项排除 选项要找到最快排除点 ）
例子：A 去找有没有同义改写：water对应moisture。ok
B little sunlight 没有
C没有above
D 没有mountain（这样就判断完）
第二个核心点为选项～～判断选项的总原则 1排除为主 原理： 原文决定选项题型
2.正确答案要顺着原文 看有没有对应的意思不是单词。
统一的排除原则
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题型4个
1 阅读理解（4个）just读懂，排错为主/选对为辅（如果直接定位正缺）
2 EI 找一个意思句子那题。。。（读懂句子，去比较；原文对应句子的方式）（对应选项和原文，选项有没有错误）
3词汇题（对应的方式+背）
4 句子插入
四个类型特征不同，解题方法也是相对应的，要都熟悉套路。听力也是一样。么有必要全文听懂读懂。。反正最后都是get分【?傲娇脸】
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下面用一篇考题过一下考点
先了解一下题数最多的阅读理解题解法（下面模拟考题有）Paragraph 2】The function and status of ceramics inChina varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial,trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and theera in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware,stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles, andmodeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group ofsculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced inearthenware.阅读理解正面定位：1问题的目的是什么（问的是原因还是结果还是问的这个东西的本身what，how） 定位 --》普遍：疑问内容和实质性关键词内容去定位
Accordingto paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics? 这个词定位没意义（找特殊化词不是整篇词）（此题想让你读完文章- -3句话都有。there the c）正面定位都读读完再用正确错误项排除 定位关键词选择（特殊） 定位句的选择（定位关键词去对应句子（关键词定位是意思上也有的）指代性！内容） ○The function ofceramics remained the sameû from dynasty to dynasty.没有对应的比较 ○The use of ceramics as trade objects is betterû documented than the use of ceramics asritual objects.没有对应的比较 ○There was littleû variation in qualityfor any type of ceramics over time.违背原文(原文说1有A 选项说不是1没有A） ○Some religious sculptures were madeusing the earthenware type of ceramics. 答案
题型4:句子插入题（不需要把段落重头读）
原理和出题点：AB.BC.CD.DE.EF.FG句子要连成一段，句和句 每句都有联系 形成句子的链即段落AB.BC.？？_DE.EF.FG 承上启下的句子是最好的：插入句 CD 要插在最相关的位置（说到CD内容最多的句子）
★从相关性去找插入句：实质性的内容看看：形容词名词代词（修饰和名词是表达句子最实质性内容不太容易同义改写） 就搞定了～ 试一下： 【答案V】Abovethe tree line there is a zone that is generally called alpine tundra. █Immediately adjacent to the timberline,the tundra consists of a fairly complete cover of low-lying shrubs, herbs, andgrasses, while higher up the number and diversity of species decrease untilthere is much bare ground with occasional mosses and lichens and some prostratecushion plants. █Someplants can even survive in favorable microhabitats above the snow line. Thehighest plants in the world occur at around 6,100 meters on Makalu in theHimalayas. █At this great height, rocks, warmed bythe sun, melt small snowdrifts.█V Look at thefour squares [█] that indicatewhere the following sentence could be added to the passage. This explains how,for example, alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of6,180 meters. L不要强读【Paragraph 4】Trade between the West and the settled and prosperousChinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. ///开始：One of themost far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chineseporcelain wares imported into the Arab world. ■So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made inimitation of porcelain and instigated research=(innovations)into the method of their manufacture. ■From the Middle East the Chinese =（Foreign trade）acquired a blue pigment—a purified form ofcobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China—that contained onlya low level of manganese. Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganesecontent, which produces a more muted blue-gray color. ■In the seventeenthcentury, the trading activities of the Dutch East India（但是这句话没有颜色） Company resulted invast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, whichstimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably Delft. ■（没有颜色）The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottleswith long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially forthe European market. so 最相关（出现内容最多）B
13. Look at thefour squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could beadded to the passage. Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in coloring. ------------------------------------------- 句子和句子两句话之间 有关系才能成为一段文字 且英语写作句子喜欢承上启下， 第一句话AB 第二句话 不能说CD（我带了包子，这本书5元钱）句和句一定要有关系（上下两句话插入一句，包子弄脏了书）
AB BC CD (DE) EF FG
1 找出实质性内容（有实质性意思的单词）找名词！不太容易改写诶
2 找最相关内容句子 （不用通读所有句子 就去从第一句开始看Foreign trade。， innovations，coloring是否出现）
【Paragraph 7】In addition to the internalvariability of the global climate system itself, there is the added factor ofexternal influences, such as volcanoes and solar activity. ■There is agrowing body of opinion that both these physical variations have a measurableimpact on the climate. ■Thus we need to be able to include these in ourdeliberations.没内容没内容 ■Some currentanalyses conclude that volcanoes and solar activity explain quite aconsiderable amount of the observed variability in the period from theseventeenth to the early twentieth centuries, but that they cannot be invokedto explain the rapid warming in recent decades.■ 找到了最相关的句子了，答案不在前面就在后面。这里 indeed 总结的意思 so D 13. Look at the foursquares [■] that indicatewhere the following sentence could be added to the passage. Indeed, the contribution of volcanoesand solar activity would more likely have been to actually reduce the rate ofwarming slightly. 不用想太多，找实质内容--》文章最相关的那句话---》答案 在它前后面 ![]()
题型3:词汇题（下面是普遍方法）;（记得每次考T前1，2天提醒听威学托福的免费点词班，会猜到很多题） 词和词相关/词和结构是对应的 例子1： 有个题是这样? The transition from forestto treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a 答案是dramatic？为什么？ one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tensof meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs,herbs, and grasses. 答案：[size=12.6316px] 因为：[size=12.6316px]just a few tens of meters,[size=12.6316px] 说明d特别所以是dramatic（另一个迷惑选项，意思复杂；但注意不等于特别哦） ![]()
例子2：This isparticularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereasin the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.答案思路：The word “attain” in the passage is closest in meaning to 转折的前后 是对应的，at加强 attain拿到：达到 对应 reach； 选项以re开头的是撤退排除词根词缀不同意思排除前面两个 X。 ○require ○resist ○achieve ○endure 例子3：In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany was the most noted exponent（看到这 --找对应的内容 整个句子是正面态度） of this style. producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces,which were widely copied in their time and are highly ？ today。 答案：valued有价值的（有正面态度的词）要根据单词意思呼应！ universal(万能的通用的它不是wide广泛的意思不选，就算是广泛的意思也不能只看一个单词 要看整句意思） In the tropics, the valleys appear tobe more favorable 有利because这里没有转折点，他们不轻易干涸 they are less -prone to dry out反义 （ prone不能改变干涸的意思排除cd ）, they have less frost, andthey have deeper soils. ○adapted○likely○difficultX○resistant X 普遍方法是是 1.考的词如果是修饰找修饰部分，动词找动词， 动词变成的名词or形容词变成的名词 找和他附近词意思最近的比如： 填词的附近词densely，呼应到了答案concentrated tangled 例子4： （下面都连着的是一篇）The function and status of ceramics inChina varied from dynasty to dynasty, so they may be utilitarian, burial,trade-collectors', or even ritual objects, according to their quality and theera in which they were made. The ceramics fall into three broad types—earthenware,stoneware, and porcelain—for vessels, architectural items such as roof tiles, andmodeled objects and figures. In addition, there was an important group ofsculptures made for religious use, the majority of which were produced inearthenware. 1.Theword “status” in the passage is closest in meaning to ○origin 没有呼应的内容 ○importance ○quality同下 ○design不对啊 没有涉及到相对应的内容 排除法也可以做 正确答案回事四个答案当中最呼应句子的一个答案（匹配的填空题） 题型2:EI Paragraph 3】The earliest ceramics were fired toearthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century B.C.,high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed surfaces. During theSix Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-firedceramics of good quality. Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces fromthe seventh to the tenth centuriesevolvedinto the highlyprized porcelains of the Song dynasty (AD. 960-1279), long regarded as one ofthe high points in the history of China's ceramic industry.传统属于宗教的雕塑（中心是A,后面是介词修饰），它的时期延伸了好几个历史时期，但是宗教雕塑的传统却并没有 清晰的有 相比于传统属于石头釉质的器皿，因为（解释前面这个传统不清晰 直译要清楚两句话关系 ）因为这个宗教雕塑的传统会有 这种老的风俗而老的风俗是属于土质的陪葬的瓷器，它把这种老的风俗传统伴随着之后的宗教的图像和建筑当中 （因为宗教雕塑传统把老的土质的陪葬的瓷器和之后的宗教形象进行了融合 所以像这种宗教雕刻的传统是不太会被描述出来的相比于..正面理解） The tradition of 修饰religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares orporcelains, for it传统embraces 包含the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural ornament.Ceramic products also includelead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels andfigures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in whichthe motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip—as well as the many burial ceramicsproduced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic value. 4. Which of the sentencesbelow best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choiceschange the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information. ○Whileû最快排除点 没有While这个关系 stonewaresand porcelains are found throughout most historical periods, religioussculpture is limited to the ancient period. ○完全对应Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear than that of stonewares or porcelains because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were developed. ○Whileû最快排除点stonewares and porcelains changed throughout history,religious sculpture remained uniform in form and use. ○The historical development of religious sculpture is relatively unclear（无法对应 because religious sculptures sometimes resembleû相似于 earthenwarearchitectural ornaments. 最快排除点~~~ 5. Paragraph 3 supports all ofthe following concerning the history of the ceramic industry in China EXCEPT: ○The earliest high-fired ceramics wereof poor quality. ○Ceramics produced during the Tang and Ming dynasties sometimesincorporated multiple colorsþ.（three） ○Earthenware ceramics were produced in Chinabefore stonewares were. ○The Song dynastyperiod was notable for the production of high quality porcelain ceramics.（highly prized） 正确答案怎么进行同义改写的~ 6. The word“instigate” in the passage is closest in meaning to 意思呼应 ○improved ○investigated ○narrowed ○caused 鼓励平行 【Paragraph 4】Trade between the West and the settled and prosperousChinese dynasties introduced new forms and different technologies. One of themost far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century AD. Chineseporcelain wares imported into the Arab world. So admired were these pieces thatthey encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelainand 呼应平行instigated research into themethod of their manufacture. From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a bluepigment—a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that timein China—that contained only a low level of manganese. Cobalt oresfound in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more mutedblue-gray color. In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of theDutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chineseporcelain being brought to Europe,没有提到B的变化诶 错误 which stimulated and influenced the work ofa wide variety of wares, notably Delft. The Chinese themselves adapted=（made） manyspecific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed =（made）a range of decorative patterns especially for the European market. 为什么定位这句话~~~ 关键怎么定位 定位关键词选择（特殊） 定位句的选择（定位关键词去对应句子（关键词定位是意思上也有的）+指代性内容） 7. Accordingto paragraph 4, one consequence of the trade of Chinese ceramics was 排除法 ○the transfer of adistinctive blue pigment fromX China to the Middle East ○an immediatechange from earthenware production to porcelain production in Europeancountries ○Chinese production of wares made for the European market(同义改写 ○a decreased number ofporcelain vessels available on the European market 最后一句没有a decreased number X 【Paragraph 5】Just as painteddesigns on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully andprecisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it iswith Chinese pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merelydecorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment hadmeaning and significanceB. The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix,the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish,happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, andcrane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated successin the civil service examinations. Only when European decorative themes wereintroduced did these meanings become obscured or even lost. 9. In paragraph5, the author compares the designs on Chinese pots to those on Greek pots inorder to 要么正面定位 要么找错误3 ○emphasize that whileChinese pots were decorative, Greek pots were Xfunctional（定位 decorative） ○argue that the designs onChinese pots had specific meanings and were not just decorative ○argue that twentieth-century scholars 原文没有are betterX able to understand these designs than were ancient scholars （To twentieth-century eyes不一定是scholars且不相关 ancient scholars无法比较）解题过程方法~不要看解析不要看解析 ○explain howX scholars学者去排除！！ have identified the meaning of specific images龙等有这个意思哦 on Chinese pots有提到pot 对比老托福（每天读一下老托福，专业词汇有类似的），现在的托福：不是简单找问题标志词所在句子了。倒回去定位了 没有这个意思和词=错误选项！！ 10. Whichof the following is mentioned in paragraph 5 as being symbolically representedon Chinese ceramics?（记住后 每个选项回原文去定位） ○Chinese rulers 后面的都没说 了选项太短了 不去选关键词倒回去了 so 简单 ○love of homeland ○loyally to friends ○success in trade --- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11. Paragraph5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery? ○They( =Chinese pottery) had more importance foraristocrats 文中没有！而我错选了than for ordinary citizens. ○Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinesenot come under foreign influence. 最后一句话同义改写，简单 ○They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots（去找希腊和中国有the same images）没有！ ○Their significance is now as clear to twentieth centuryobservers as it was to the early Chinese.（第三句不可能是yet结构了转折结构）违背原文了~ 【Paragraph 5】Just as painteddesigns on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative, whereas in fact they were carefully andprecisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it iswith Chinese pots. To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merelydecorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment hadmeaning and significance. The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix,the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish,happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, andcrane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated successin the civil service examinations. Only when European decorative themes were introduced（= foreign influence） did these meanings become obscured or even lost.
Paragraph 6】From early times pots were used in bothreligious and secular contexts. The imperial court commissioned work and in theYuan dynasty (A.D. 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established atJingdezhen. Pots played an important part in some religious ceremonies. Longand often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assistin classifying pots, although these sometimes confusean already large and complicated picture. 12. The word “these” in the passage refers to （代词在主语，找主语呼应） ○religious ceremonies ○descriptions
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发表于 2019-9-17 03:54:24
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