OG 19 691 求助！

Daaaakk

To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.
(A) To estimate the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is a lack of a single yardstick that all distances can be measured by.

(B) Estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem because there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured.

(C) Because there is a lack of a single yardstick to measure all distances by, estimating the expansion rate of the universe is a notoriously difficult problem.

(D) A notoriously difficult problem is to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because a single yardstick is lacking by which all distances can be measured.

(E) It is a notoriously difficult problem to estimate the expansion rate of the universe because by no single yardstick can all distances be measured.


不定式和动名词做主语的区别是什么
为什么there is a lack of a single yardstick 没有 there is no single yardstick 好？
by的位置一般怎么放
其实B D E 都挺想选的，结果选了D 答案是B

Daaaakk

先给自己顶一下！

飞天小猪Piggy

A的选项错在“that all distances can be measured by”，应该是by which all distances can be measured，与前面的to do 或者ing形式做主语没有关系。
B正确
C错在by是多余的。
D句子意思就变了，原句的意思应该要强调estimate the expansion rate of the universe是一个臭名昭著的问题，做sc的时候，原句的意思一定要把握准确！
E应该是wordy，It is ... to... 在It is 后面直接用形容词就可以了，用形容词+名词过于冗杂。

我也不知道分析地对不对～ 可以交流哈

joii

介词不能放句尾，that/ which...by的形式是绝对错的，应该改成by which...

依据这一点排除AC，然后看D项，有几个错误：
1. 语义不对，不应该是“问题是...”，而是“...是问题”，意思是不一样的
2. which的修饰有问题

最后比较BE，这两项比较纠结，首先BE比较的话，E项的it is ...句型的确更wordy一些；
其次，看后面的表达，B项 there is no single yardstick by which all distances can be measured. 意思是说没有这样的一个yardstick
E项 by no single yardstick can all distances be measured.意思是说这样的yardstick不存在

这个语义还是很难区别...

刚刚看到一个og19新题解析 链接给你：https://forum.chasedream.com/for ... &highlight=OG19

清酉湘竹2018

RON神的解释：
in choice d, you could legitimately make a case that 'spending' could modify the entire huge clause about what insurance plans do, and is therefore ambiguous. however, that's the OA, so you've learned that this problem is ok in the eyes of the gmat people. if there's a rule that can be articulated here, it's probably something along the lines of 'participial modifier applies to nearest action'.

简而言之：v-ing可以修饰doctor也可以修饰整个句子，但从逻辑上判断是修饰doctor。这种ambiguity在GMAT不是deal breaker~

链接：https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/among-lower-paid-workers-union-members-are-less-likely-t1904.html

炫辰晟然

哈哈楼主我也错了这题 我选E，OG的解释真是看着生气！

Airmare

A选项：
❌ To estimate… is a difficult problem 其实犯了不平行的错误，一个是to do (verb) 一个是a difficult problem (noun)，Noun只能和NOUN（phrase）以及Action Noun(V-ING)平行。可以看看曼哈顿的解释！！！
❌There be(is) a lack of 不如 there is no简洁有效
❌关系代词that和preposition by间隔太远，YOU CAN NO END THE SENTENCE BY PREPOSITION

B选项：Action noun = Noun平行；By和which紧密联系 ✅

C选项：There is a lack of -  redundancy
           by在because clause句尾错误，且应该和relative pronoun紧密联系 ❌

D选项：主语改变，句意转移成A problem是什么（看起来像是举例子），而不是句子的原意：为什么the problem is difficult ❌

E选项：主语改变 同D 句意重心随之改变；另外，there is no single yardstick（一个都没有） 和E中 by no single yardstick can ALL (其实是有），偷换概念。

这题也错了，选了E。网上搜索后写了上面的答案，希望能帮助到大家理解。