两道ＳＣ不理解答案，求解答！！！

sunshine77777

In 2006, contrary to the arguments of the Justice Department, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Hamdan v. Rumsfeld that the military commissions established by the Federal government in March 2002 are not legal, as they are violating "both the Uniform Code of Military Justice and the four Geneva Conventions signed in 1949."
A)  legal, as they are violating
B)  legal; a violation of
C)  legal, but rather violate
D)  legal, but rather they constitute a violation of
E)  legal, rather they violate
我选的是Ａ答案是Ｃ



The first United States Solicitor General, Benjamin H. Bristow, born in 1832 and served in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1876. Earlier in his life, Bristow had served as a lieutenant colonel in the 25th Kentucky Infantry
A)  born in 1832 and served in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1876. Earlier in his life, Bristow had served as a lieutenant colonel in the 25th Kentucky Infantry
B)  was born in 1832 and had served in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1876. Earlier in his life, Bristow served as a lieutenant colonel
C)  born in 1832 and appointee in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1875. Earlier in his life, Bristow served as a lieutenant colonel in the 25th Kentucky Infantry
D)  was born in 1832 and served in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1876. Earlier in his life, Bristow had served as a lieutenant colonel in the 25th Kentucky Infantry
E)  was born in 1832 and served in the Grant administration from 1874 to 1876. Earlier in his life, Bristow served as a lieutenant colonel in the 25th Kentucky Infantry
我选的是Ｄ　我觉得动作有先后顺序　但是答案是Ｅ
求大神解答！！

dorrit_wjx

1.
选项A  因果关系，are violating有明显的时态，是一次性动作或者说一件事
选项C  转折关系，一般现在时，表明violate这个动作经常发生（可以参照真理、定理什么的理解），是一种动作
选c不选a
2.
过去完成时需要一个过去的截止时间，换句话说，就是在这个截止时间发生的这个动作，“在那之前有过或者发生过什么动作”