更正prep语法中的一道题解释

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prep2008 173题
The widely accepted big-bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.
A. that the universe began in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding
B. thattheuniversehadbeguninanexplosiveinstant10to20billionyearsagoandhadbeenexpanding
C. that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that has
expanded
D. the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago that is
expanding
E. the universe to have begun in an explosive instant 10 to 20 billion years ago and has been expanding
解释中说begin是及时动词不能用have begun是错误的。这个要看具体语境
OG 蓝皮VERBAl里语法第81题
Since 1986, when the Department of Labor began to allow investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began paying their investment advisers a small basic fee, with a contract promising higher fees if the managers perform well.
(A) investment officers’ fees to be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations began
(B) investment officers’ fees to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began
(C) that fees of investment officers be based on how the funds they manage perform, several corporations have begun
(D) fees of investment officers to be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations have begun
(E) that investment officers’ fees be based on the performance of the funds they manage, several corporations began
答案D就是have begun，因为前面有标志词since。。。，所以用完成时表示当时的动作对现在的影响