The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
求助OG13 语法 126 126. The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an individualthat, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.
(A) that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses
(B) that creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
(C) creating, in turn, unconscious physiological responses
(D) to create, in turn, physiological responses that are unconscious
(E) who creates unconscious physiological responses in turn
同感,我也觉得individual in turn creates.... 一种说法是 individual 不能 creates unconscious ...
抛开这层逻辑来看的话,that不能指人,所以A,B中的that应该是指代reactions, 所以B中creates就不对了; D的话to create表目的,扭曲了句意;E中有response in turn的问题
然后就剩A和C了,OG的C的解释我怎么都看不懂,V-ing指代noun phrase 'reactions in individual'中的核心词reactions也是没问题的啊。
是不是V-ING限定修饰之后无法体现出that定语从句所能表达的cause-and-effect的效果,如OG所说the causal sequence is most clearly expressed by a relative clause that turns the object 'emotional reaction in an individual' into the subject of the new clause.
很多人,包括之前的我也认为C选项没问题,那么先来说C选项。
首先LZ关于现在分词作定语的语法理解是没问题的,问题在于对定语的理解。
1.Creating不加逗号
C中creating前不加逗号确实可以理解为修饰individual,但此时creating后面的整个句子都在作individual的定语修饰individual,而individual变成了中心语,这显然阉割了句意想表达的cause-and-effect sequence,因此从语义上说C是错的。当然creating还可以理解为伴随状语,逻辑主语为全句主语lying,这也是OG中提到的"seems to refer back to lying",这时lying完成了两个动作,不符合in turn暗示的cause-and-effect sequecence,且造成了creating的修饰歧义,故仍排除C。
2.Creating加逗号
如果creating前有逗号隔开,那么creating后的句子变成非限定性定语修饰前句的中心词lying或者整个句子,这从语法上是对的可惜仍然不能清晰表示in turn暗示的cause-and-effect sequence,即X-Y-Z关系,所以逻辑仍然不对。
那么接下来的问题是B为什么错误。
individual可以发出create的动作,从语法或cause-and-effect sequence语义上讲都没有问题,但B错误的关键的在于混淆了X-Y-Z关系中谁才是Z,是individual还是reactions?不要忘记individual本身处于in an individual(介词+名词)的定语结构中,存在的意义是为了修饰reactions,翻译过来意思是"一个个体的情感反应"。reactions才是中心词,因此that引导的定语从句更合理的逻辑应该是修饰reactions(定语从句理论上是修饰离它最近的名词,但跳跃修饰也是有可能的),因此B错误,A正确。