关于OG 12 第50题 过去完成时用法的疑惑！附上Ron的讲解求牛牛详细解释。

hz1101

原句：
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock
market reflect growing confidence that the economy
will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in
the year and instead come in for a "soft landing,"

为什么可以使用过去完成时：（Ron）
note that the past perfect can be used, roughly speaking, in two different circumstances:
1) for past actions that were ongoing until, or relevant to, a later past action (this is what you're thinking about);
OR
2) for past actions that were ongoing until, or relevant to, a later past TIME MARKER.（不懂这个time maker是什么？什么情况下使用？）
for #2, the second time marker could be something explicitly mentioned in the sentence.
before the introduction of soft landing mats, high jumpers had been forced to use the western-roll style of jumping
--> note that there is no second verb, but "the introduction of soft landing mats" is a time marker.
however, if the context of the sentence clearly IMPLIES a second time marker, then that second time marker may not even have to be mentioned explicitly.
in this sentence, the second time marker is implied by the phrase "earlier in the year" -- i.e., these fears were ongoing until a certain point that is already in the past

AMBER513

看一下！               

DUKB24

所以说在判断有过去完成时这个选项的是不是能被eliminate的时候，除了看过去时态的对应，还要看有没有潜在的暗示过去时间点的时间状语？

-- by 会员 hz1101 (2012/11/8 20:24:10)

只贴相关例子：


prep

Less than 35 years after the release ofAfrican honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil, their

descendants, popularly known as killerbees, had migrated as far north as southern Texas.

(A) Less than 35 years after the releaseof African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(B) In less than 35 years since releasingAfrican honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

(C) In less than the 35 years sinceAfrican honeybees had been released outside Sao Paulo,

Brazil,

(D) It took less than 35 years from therelease of African honeybees outside Sao Paulo, Brazil,

when

(E) It took less than the 35 years afterthe time that African honeybees were released outside

Sao Paulo, Brazil, and then

LZ可自行再消化一下

sisichen666

可以这么理解，我就是先用A选项理解，如果讲得通有道理，过去完成时是logic的就是可以的。。。。。一般会给出时间状语，那是一般题目，最终还是要根据逻辑含义来判断是否合理

hz1101

所以说在判断有过去完成时这个选项的是不是能被eliminate的时候，除了看过去时态的对应，还要看有没有潜在的暗示过去时间点的时间状语？

sisichen666

还是从逻辑含义入手：根据一些分析家所说，股市有收益反映了复苏的信心，即经济避免了今年早期所担心的衰退并且会软着陆（的问题）——这里过去完成时仅仅表示在今年早期之前的时间都是很担心，到了今年早期就不再担心了。