请大家帮忙分析下这题语法~

joyzhang1990

语法题一枚~
Prep2012-Pack1-SC-061 VSC001448 hard
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and Western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper forms and to Middle Eastern stone figurines.
A. Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B. Vir, examples of the monumental art known from central and western Europe, include earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C. Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
D. Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including

不知道为啥只有四个选项。答案选B。但是还是不清楚。请童鞋再进一步分析下~
大家共同进步~谢谢你们！

sisichen666

题目好像是这样的
Sculpted boulders found at Lepenski Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes 15 figures with human features similar to Upper Paleolithic forms and to Middle Eastern Nantufian stone figurines.

A) Vir, an example of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, includes
B) Vir, examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
C)Vir, earliest of monumental art known from central and western Europe, include
D)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe and includes
E)Vir are examples of the earliest monumental art known from central and western Europe, including

根据同位语，主谓一致，保持原文含义的原则，不难选择B
LZ再重新看一边，有问题再问

yaozaizai

E选项，including可能是修饰SB，也可能修饰examples。如果是修饰SB，没啥问题。但是修饰examples就有歧义了，因为examples是指 earliest monumental art 中的一些examples，但是有可能出了SB还有其他的examples（earliest monumental art范围很大），而那些除了SB以外的examples就没有including后描述的特性了。B明显更清晰，而且同位语又是偏爱。反正遇到同位语的题，大多数答案都和同位语沾边的。

Alaska17

句子的intended meaning是发现的巨石里包括了15个啥啥啥。E这个结构including离巨石太远了，E的意思变成including后面的东西来说明 the earliest monumental art了

justinckn

comma+including 是一个exception, 不同于常见的comma+verbing modify  the main subject in the main clause. i
Comma+including generally refer to the noun that just come before it.

闭眼看书

看了下正确句子，貌似comma+including修饰前面名词可以跳过prep phrase, participles 甚至to do，E里including往前并没有合适的修饰对象

天降伟人杨日成

E虽然语法没错，但语意的表达出现了问题。an example of balabala 是句子的背景部分，表达的主体应该是include了啥，E把重心调换了。

Bradz

zhouyangweiwei 发表于 2014-3-9 05:16
正在做这题，也错了。

大家一直在提倡语义理解，有没有大牛可以帮忙分析下，Ｂ和Ｅ的语义之处不同在哪里？ ...

B里面include指向的是SB，E里面include可以指向SB（=example）或者momumental art，就有歧义了。

会长美美哒

tanklance 发表于 2014-1-8 23:52
我也一开始错选了有including的选项。后来查了语法笔记，发现including实际上是一个特殊的v-ing形式，或者 ...

感谢～～ 看到ron的解释就安了下。。

会长美美哒

tanklance 发表于 2014-1-8 23:52
我也一开始错选了有including的选项。后来查了语法笔记，发现including实际上是一个特殊的v-ing形式，或者 ...

同意！               

少年蓝

perl 发表于 2016-9-2 00:00
这道题看了好久，还是不太明白，不过上面有人说“including”只能修饰逗号前面的名词是不准确的。
比如上面 ...

我选E的原因是把including当成普通的 “，+ V-ing”形式作状语修饰整个句子了，但如果including特殊，不能修饰前面的句子，只能修饰前面名词（不管是否仅为逗号前面的名词），那选项E的意思就很不一样了，就可以排除了

perl

这道题看了好久，还是不太明白，不过上面有人说“including”只能修饰逗号前面的名词是不准确的。
比如上面贴出来的例子里面：

United StatesSenator Daniel Inouye was appointed to several posts within the Democraticparty during his first term, including assistant majority whip and vice-chairof the Democratic Senatorial Committee.

A study by the Ocean Wildlife Campaign urged states toundertake a number of remedies to reverse a decline in the shark population, including establishing size limits for shark catches, closing state waters for sharkfishing during pupping season, and requiring commercial fishers to have federalshark permits.

The new image of Stone Age people assystematic hunters of large animals, rather than mere scavengers of meat,has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including threewooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.