比较从句问题。。。

默默楚

404.In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice as fast as the 1970’s.

(A) twice as fast as

(B) twice as fast as it was in

(C) twice what it was in

(D) two times faster than that of

(E) two times greater than

为什么要有what? 前后对比的不都是rate么？

如果是In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearlytwice it was in the 1970's.
it指的就是 the rate ,前后比较的不就是the rate么？ what 指的又是什么，它不是多余么？。。。晕

女王的肥皂

标一下，这个贴子很好呀。

默默楚

1. I do not agree with the explanation you cited here...the rate is not modified by 1980S...so precise reference has no problem here

the main issue should be a rate cannot be fast； just like you cannot say the bank account is rich （that makes not sense）


I strongly recommend you to stop learning from non-official source （ it will ruin your previous understanding sometimes）


2.
quote from manhattan：


Essential vs.Non-essential Noun Modifiers


As their name suggests, Essential Modifiers provide necessaryinformation. Use an essential modifier to identify the noun (out of manypossibilities) or to “attach” the modifier to the noun from that point onward.

Essential:  The mansionPAINTED REDis owned by theLees.

The modifier painted redis necessary to identify the mansion, perhaps from among a row of differentlypainted mansions along a street. In other words ,you cannot remove painted red without creating confusion and distortingthe meaning of the sentence. To answer the question What is owned by the Lee? You would say The mansion painted red.

In contrast, Noun-essential Modifiers provide extrainformation. You do not need this information to identify the noun, since it isalready identified in some other way. Moreover, you can forget about a non-essential modifier afterward, in a sense; any later reference to the noun does not include that extra information

Non-essential: This mansion, RECENTLYPAINTED RED, is owned by the Lees.

The modifier recently paintedred is not necessary; we already know which mansion is under discussionbecause of the word this. So you can removerecently painted read and preserve the sentence’s core meaning.

Punctuation distinguishes between essential and non-essentialmodifiers:

Put COMMAS between NON-ESSENTIAL modifiers and their nouns.
Put NO COMMAS between ESSENTIAL modifiers andtheir nouns.

If you have a choice between whichand that, then follow thisgeneral rule:

Use WHICH (and commas) ifthe modifier is non-essential.
Use THAT (and no commas) ifthe modifier is essential.

Non-essential: This mansion, WHICH HAS BEENRECENTLY PAINTED RED, is owned by the Lees.
Essential: The mansionTHATHAS BEENPAINTED RED is owned by the Lees.

You should still obey the comma rule: use commas withnon-essential uses of WHICH, but not
with essential of WHICH.

Non-essential: This mansion, FOR WHICH I YERAN, is owned by the Lees.
Essential: This mansion FOR WHICH I YEARN isowned by the Less.

Other relative pronouns, suchas who, can be used inessential or in non-essential modifiers. With
these other pronouns ,continue to observe the comma rule:use commas only with non-essential
modifiers.




I strongly recommend you to read manhattan SC  if you have not read yet （ that is the best SC guide I have ever read）




3. the growth speed of economy  （1.1990-2000           2. from the beginning of agriculture to 1950）

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/10/23 23:17:06)

明白啦~~~特别是对essential modifier有了更深的理解
真是太感谢DUKB24了！！
谨遵教导  乖乖去看Manhattan去  唉 语法太烂！！

DUKB24

1. I do not agree with the explanation you cited here...the rate is not modified by 1980S...so precise reference has no problem here

the main issue should be a rate cannot be fast； just like you cannot say the bank account is rich （that makes not sense）


I strongly recommend you to stop learning from non-official source （ it will ruin your previous understanding sometimes）


2.
quote from manhattan：


Essential vs.Non-essential Noun Modifiers


As their name suggests, Essential Modifiers provide necessaryinformation. Use an essential modifier to identify the noun (out of manypossibilities) or to “attach” the modifier to the noun from that point onward.
 
Essential:  The mansionPAINTED RED is owned by theLees.

The modifier painted redis necessary to identify the mansion, perhaps from among a row of differentlypainted mansions along a street. In other words ,you cannot remove painted red without creating confusion and distortingthe meaning of the sentence. To answer the question What is owned by the Lee? You would say The mansion painted red.

In contrast, Noun-essential Modifiers provide extrainformation. You do not need this information to identify the noun, since it isalready identified in some other way. Moreover, you can forget about a non-essential modifier afterward, in a sense; any later reference to the noun does not include that extra information

Non-essential: This mansion, RECENTLYPAINTED RED, is owned by the Lees.

The modifier recently paintedred is not necessary; we already know which mansion is under discussionbecause of the word this. So you can remove recently painted read and preserve the sentence’s core meaning.

Punctuation distinguishes between essential and non-essentialmodifiers:

Put COMMAS between NON-ESSENTIAL modifiers and their nouns.
Put NO COMMAS between ESSENTIAL modifiers andtheir nouns.

If you have a choice between whichand that, then follow thisgeneral rule:

Use WHICH (and commas) ifthe modifier is non-essential.
Use THAT (and no commas) ifthe modifier is essential.

Non-essential: This mansion, WHICH HAS BEENRECENTLY PAINTED RED, is owned by the Lees.
Essential: The mansion THAT HAS BEENPAINTED RED is owned by the Lees.

You should still obey the comma rule: use commas withnon-essential uses of WHICH, but not
with essential of WHICH.

Non-essential: This mansion, FOR WHICH I YERAN, is owned by the Lees.
Essential: This mansion FOR WHICH I YEARN isowned by the Less.

Other relative pronouns, such as who, can be used inessential or in non-essential modifiers. With
these other pronouns ,continue to observe the comma rule:use commas only with non-essential
modifiers.




I strongly recommend you to read manhattan SC  if you have not read yet （ that is the best SC guide I have ever read）




3. the growth speed of economy  （1.1990-2000           2. from the beginning of agriculture to 1950）

默默楚

问题3：
还是prep198
Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture


Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950
it did = the global economy grew. 所以 根据比较从句省略原则： 当比较从句的主语和谓语与从句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省略，常常保留作状语的介词短语或状语从句，那么此句是不是可以省略为Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

谢谢大家的解答

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:18:05)

nope


that would be hard for us to understand what is being compared

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/10/23 16:32:00)

这题比较的是什么呢？  问题比较多~~~谢谢DUKB24

默默楚

问题2：
197.(27650-!-item-!-188;#058&002540)

(GWD-1-Q16)

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.

A. a greater proportion than it was

B. a greater proportion than

C. a greater proportion than they have been

D. which is greater than was so

E. which is greater than it has been


prep对A的解释是，it指代的是a great proportion或the spending,都继承了a great proportion 或 the spending 发生在presidential campaign of 1992的特性，造成比较的逻辑关系错误。

对比prep198题


Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

prep对这题的解释： it完全指代the global economy,并不特指1990到2000年之间的global economy。

这两个题中，怎么判断it 指代是不是特指？

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:15:32)

I'm not a big fan of this explanation


I think what is wrong is the first question is that it does not have any logical antecedent


to be more specific about your question  


the precise reference of it


I eat a apple ate by my mother, and it was ate by my father this afternoon (not a perfect example, but that is enough)


you use it , it here refers to a apple ate by my mother


it should refer to a noun ( included essential modifier) 。。。that is the point

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/10/23 16:30:50)

but, what is "essentail modifier"? How can I distinguish it?

默默楚

404.In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice as fast as the 1970’s.

(A) twice as fast as

(B) twice as fast as it was in

(C) twice what it was in

(D) two times faster than that of

(E) two times greater than

为什么要有what? 前后对比的不都是rate么？

如果是In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearlytwice it was in the 1970's.
it指的就是 the rate ,前后比较的不就是the rate么？ what 指的又是什么，它不是多余么？。。。晕

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:14:56)

the rate cannot be fast (all four choices are out)


similar elimination can be found in prep07 #1

To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliersare growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feedallotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets.

jjust look for the incorrect choices( they commit the same mistakes as the one you raised)


also , what is used here to introduce a structure


I don't know how should we call it , but it is a noun phrase


this question is not official source? isn't it ?

-- by 会员 DUKB24 (2012/10/23 16:26:35)

这个题我是从别的帖子看到的，好像是大全404. 看到了一个对这题的解释，DUKB24看看对不对~
以下是解释：
此题根据文章所要表达的意思来看，要对比的是80年代与70年代的“the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States ”，虽然在80年代与70年代都有增长率“rate”，但是增长率对应的“数值”是不一样的，文章所要对比的是这背后的“数值”而不是表面上的那个"rate"，C选项中，it 指代的是前文中的“rate”，“what it was ”指的就是那个“rate”所对应的数值了！也就是说对比的是不同时间同一概念的不同内涵。

DUKB24

问题3：
还是prep198
Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture


Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950
it did = the global economy grew. 所以 根据比较从句省略原则： 当比较从句的主语和谓语与从句的主语和谓语相同时，可以全部省略，常常保留作状语的介词短语或状语从句，那么此句是不是可以省略为Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

谢谢大家的解答

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:18:05)

nope


that would be hard for us to understand what is being compared

DUKB24

问题2：
197.(27650-!-item-!-188;#058&002540)

(GWD-1-Q16)

Soaring television costs accounted for more than half the spending in the presidential campaign of 1992, a greater proportion than it was in any previous election.

A. a greater proportion than it was

B. a greater proportion than

C. a greater proportion than they have been

D. which is greater than was so

E. which is greater than it has been


prep对A的解释是，it指代的是a great proportion或the spending,都继承了a great proportion 或 the spending 发生在presidential campaign of 1992的特性，造成比较的逻辑关系错误。

对比prep198题


Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture to 1950.

A. Between 1990 and 2000 the global economy grew more than it did during the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

B. Between 1990 and 2000 the growth of the global economy was more than that during 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

C. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds that which had been for 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

D. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeds what it has been for 10,000 years, from when agriculture began

E. The growth of the global economy between 1990 and 2000 exceeded what it did for the 10,000 years from the beginning of agriculture

prep对这题的解释： it完全指代the global economy,并不特指1990到2000年之间的global economy。

这两个题中，怎么判断it 指代是不是特指？

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:15:32)

I'm not a big fan of this explanation


I think what is wrong is the first question is that it does not have any logical antecedent


to be more specific about your question  


the precise reference of it


I eat a apple ate by my mother, and it was ate by my father this afternoon (not a perfect example, but that is enough)


you use it , it here refers to a apple ate by my mother


it should refer to a noun ( included essential modifier) 。。。that is the point

DUKB24

404.In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearly twice as fast as the 1970’s.

(A) twice as fast as

(B) twice as fast as it was in

(C) twice what it was in

(D) two times faster than that of

(E) two times greater than

为什么要有what? 前后对比的不都是rate么？

如果是In the 1980’s the rate of increase of the minority population of the United States was nearlytwice it was in the 1970's.
it指的就是 the rate ,前后比较的不就是the rate么？ what 指的又是什么，它不是多余么？。。。晕

-- by 会员 默默楚 (2012/10/23 16:14:56)

the rate cannot be fast (all four choices are out)


similar elimination can be found in prep07 #1

To meet the rapidly rising market demand for fish and seafood, suppliersare growing fish twice as fast as they grow naturally, cutting their feedallotment by nearly half and raising them on special diets.

jjust look for the incorrect choices( they commit the same mistakes as the one you raised)


also , what is used here to introduce a structure


I don't know how should we call it , but it is a noun phrase


this question is not official source? isn't it ?