og中三题，关于介词in的用法，in是可有可无的么

ivansmile33

The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm's external environment and internal conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide on a strategy.

A.conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide
B.conditions, and they use the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses in deciding
C.conditions and, in using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, deciding
D.conditions and, using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses, decide
E.conditions and, in their use of the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, they decide

这里选项A和C都有in，但是og的解释并没有说多了介词in而排出，这里in是可有可无的么？
联想到另一题的未划线部分，In developing new facilities for the incineration of solid wastes,we must avoid the danger of shifting environmental problems from landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators.

A.landfills polluting the water to polluting the air with incinerators
B.landfills polluting the water to the air being polluted with incinerators
C.the pollution of water by landfills to the pollution of air by incinerators
D.pollution of the water by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air
E.water that is polluted by landfills to incinerators that pollute the air

开头有in，可是去掉in也读的顺，在语法上也没发现错误，这里的in也是可有可无的么？求赐教
In the textbook publishing business, the second quarter is historically weak, because revenues are low and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare for the coming school year.


A.low and marketing expenses are high as companies prepare

B.low and their marketing expenses are high as they prepare

C.low with higher marketing expenses in preparation

D.low, while marketing expenses are higher to prepare

E.low, while their marketing expenses are higher in preparation这题 C选项中的in又代表什么意思呢？
顺便问一句，A中的as是做什么成分修饰什么呢？

alex_heyday

cxhhluf 发表于 2017-10-27 15:51
看了一段Ron的解释 他说是语意改变了 后面是个完整的句子就和前面的model没有关系了
the structure of ch ...

我正好看到了ronr视频的平行结构
I want to eat fish, drink Dew, and I want to go to sleep.这个不对，因为不平行！
他说了一定是a, b, and c. abc必须平行；因为有平行结构词and
另外如果是a,b +and, c,d. 那么c是插入语不用平行。

alex_heyday

cxhhluf 发表于 2017-10-27 15:51
看了一段Ron的解释 他说是语意改变了 后面是个完整的句子就和前面的model没有关系了
the structure of ch ...

首先语义重心和逻辑（代表俩个动词，一定是examine ...and decide...），后半部分一定是基于一些标准决定一个策略，换句话说我要的结果是制作出一个策略
所以我才认同I use sth in preparing my gmat。意思就是我的语义重心/结果在于准备GMAT，我的方法use sth。
另外我的理想表达是decide .... by using set of objective creteria；但是没有By这里唯一有的考点差异是in,而in后面的属于语义重心，
看BD，D的using (verbING)是状语，属于解释功能，就是类似 by using。
而B的确是executives同一个主语没有必要再次出现THEY。可以排除。

cxhhluf

alex_heyday 发表于 2017-10-22 12:28
我和你想法一样，
solved all the problems in preapring gmat
你看一下B 选项，就是they use the set of ...

看了一段Ron的解释 他说是语意改变了 后面是个完整的句子就和前面的model没有关系了
the structure of choice B suggests that the second observation ("they use xxxxx in deciding...") is unrelated to the model.

analogy:

the law stipulates that i take a break for at least 30 minutes, and i often take one for much longer.

see how this works?
• the law stipulates that i take a break for at least 30 minutes
• i often take a longer break (which, of course, has nothing to do with the law)

same thing with B. but, unlike the sentence above, B doesn't work. (the model is a model of decision-making, so both things are clearly part of the model.)

cxhhluf

alex_heyday 发表于 2017-10-22 12:28
我和你想法一样，
solved all the problems in preapring gmat
你看一下B 选项，就是they use the set of ...

我觉得B中的they不多余呀 ，+and后面要加上independent clause。在这里examine和use是两个平行动词 主语都是executives  in deciding也说得通啊 看不出B是怎么错的

alex_heyday

tzhou7 发表于 2013-2-13 22:42
首先我觉得有没有in这个介词不能小看，直接左右解题；In+Ving用法 if you say "subject + clause + IN Verb ...

我和你想法一样，
solved all the problems in preapring gmat
你看一下B 选项，就是they use the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses in deciding.
我觉得是一个意思，尽管这个they 非常多于，因为句子的主语和并列成分的主语是一致的。

米日安Miriam

， 插入语， 试着把插入语去掉再看看

tzhou7

首先我觉得有没有in这个介词不能小看，直接左右解题；
In+Ving用法
if you say "subject + clause + IN Verbing", then subject + clause must be an ACTUAL PART of the action of Verbing.（In+Ving在句首的用法也一致）
i solved all the problems in OG13 in preparing for the GMAT.（意为：在.....过程中.....）
--> notice that solving the problems IS ACTUALLY PART OF preparing for the test.（逻辑推理过程solving problems——>preparing GMAT)
如果你明白上面的例子，第一道题就很好解决;
A/C/E都是对In+Ving的使用，而这里修饰的是整个句子，按照字面意思翻译就是：在设定客观标准过程中executives做了一个决策性决定；
而D选项using....作为noun modifier，按照字面意思翻译就是：设定客观标准的executives做了一个决策性决定；
句子翻译成中为始终比较别扭，不过可以理解；
最好还是从逻辑推理出发,到底是
usingthe set of objective criteria ——>decide on a strategy；
or
decide on a strategy——>usingthe set of objective criteria
显然是前者符合逻辑语义吧！
个人愚见
open to discuss～～～～～

mskang888

The normative model of strategic decision-making suggests that executives examine a firm's external environment and internal conditions, and in using the set of objective criteria they derive from these analyses, can decide on a strategy.
这题考点主要是"and"
如果and, 则using the set of objective criteria derived from these analyses作为插入成分，exmaine和decide并列，如正确选项
如果,and则需要和a firm's external environment and internal conditions并列，选项应体现名词成分，未发现有符合。

ivansmile33

我今天又想了下，还是没想懂，不过in貌似不是考点，下次看到再注意下，诶，觉得现在cd上像你这样解答问题的人越来越少而来