74.A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. (A) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump (B) reduced the phosphate amount that municipalities had been dumping (C) reduces the phosphate amount municipalities have been allowed to dump (D) reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities are allowed to dump (E) reduces the amount of phosphates allowed for dumping by municipalities
reduced已经没有异议,下面想说自己关于are allowed 思路 然后提出问题: 关于allowed 的时态一共有4中选择: 1 had been allowed ——根据原句翻译,1972年协议减少了“之前被允许的排放量” 虽然dump可能之前就有 但是allow是由agreement发出,不可能减少“之前”的已经发生的排放,错 2 have been allowed ——原句翻译,1972年协议减少了“一直以来被允许的排放量” dump一直贯穿,甚至今天还有,为什么have been 错?疑问 3 were allowed ——原句,1972年协议减少了“过去被允许的排放量” were 没有之前的had 、have时间精确,大体上就是过去,如果协议在过去某个时间停止,很明显这句话确实说的通 正确 4 are allowed ——原句,协议减少了“被允许的排放量” 没有过去的时间、没有完成,中文翻译来看就是“减少了被允许的排放”,因此是协议到现在仍然存在的前提下,做出的表达。 我的意思是,从中文理解,还是比较顺畅的。因此,对。
在这里我觉得不能用法律法规用simple present来解释,因为如果有were allowed,OG说了还可以选它,而were allowed 不是一般现在时啊~这个思路有问题么? 还有have been我还是不懂为什么不可以,其他的我是这样想,请NN指导一下,这样的思路有什么错,并且解答为什么have been allowed 不正确。谢谢~~~
我之前也是晕的要死。。。后来多翻译里几遍OG的解释,就有点懂了。 OG的解释:Since the dumping continued after the date of the agreement, the past perfect verb bad been allowed should instead be the present are allowed (if the agreement remained in effect when the sentence was written) or the past were allowed (if the agreement was no longer in effect when the sentence was written). had been : 协议出来以后dump就没了,因为allow已经结束了 不可行 were: 1972协议出来以后,减少了当时 正在被允许的 dump量 前两个很好理解。 are: 这个是最难理解的: 1972协议reduced 现在被允许的量。
首先是reduced: 把1972协议想象成一个1972的人,它当然只能用reduced. 然后是are allowed 句子要表达过去的事情对现在造成了影响。 对现在的什么造成了影响?the amout of P  需要一个定语:that M are allowed to dump. 所以这里的are并不牵涉到句子的时态的问题,它是指 P 是一个现在的东西
这样说吧:A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphates that municipalities had been allowed to dump into the Great Lakes. 你把phosphate后面的从句去掉 就是一句完整的话: A 1972 的协议 reduced the amount. 因此 你觉得这里能用reduces么?应该不能...我是这样想的 而后面 are allowed时态不同 更侧重于与前面条约 协议的关系 因此有were 和are 自己的想法..