关于－ing的用法

guni霖

今天又看了一遍manhattan，上面特意提到说-ing的从句只能用在想要表达the result or purpose of the main clause ，然后复习了以下后面附的题目都是只要不是表示the result的都是错的，那么是不是-ing的这种结构就只有这种modifier的用法，其他的都算错？

guni霖

原来是这样是我想多了～～

gui59106375

下面是manhattan的原句：-ing can modify nouns directly (e.g., the changing seasons). It
can modify verbs and their subjects (e.g., llifted the weight, whistling). It can even modify
an entire clause as above, as long as the entire clause converted into a noun phrase could
function as the subject of the verb that is now in -Ing form. The two previous examples
illustrate this process. Since we can say that the recent decrease in crime ... bJJI..kd to a rise, we
can also say fIirtJ.c. k£u. recently decreased... kading to a rise. This use of the -Ing form works
best when you want to express the rmm of the main clause.

V-ING放在句首是需要逻辑主语等于主句主语的，说白了就是ving中v这个动作的发出者要是主句的主语，
例如OG12：

Rivalingthe pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient

cities of the Maya as an achievement, the army of

terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang,

China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than

2.000 years old and took 700.000 artisans more than

36 years to complete.

(A) the army of terra-cotta warriors created to protect

Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife

is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000

artisans more than 36 years to complete

(B) Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, was

protected in his afterlife by an army of terra

cotta warriors that was created more than

2,000 years ago by 700,000 artisans who took

more than 36 years to complete it

(C) it took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to

create an army of terra-cotta warriors, more than

2,000 years ago that would protect Qin Shi

Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife

(D) more than 2,000 years ago, 700,000 artisans

worked more than 36 years to create an army of

terra-cotta warriors to protect Qin Shi Huang,

China's first emperor, in his afterlife

(E) more than 36 years were needed to complete

the army of terra-cotta warriors that 700,000

artisans created 2,000 years ago to protect Qin

Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife
只有A的主语兵马俑可以与金字塔，玛雅古城rival，所以在GMAT中 V-ing+......,SVO中，S必须能够发出V-ing这个动作

guni霖

up~~顺便再问到底应该怎么判断-ing放在句首的问题啊～～～