zz怎么写literature review

judydongxueni

写学术文章, 首先要阅读大量专业领域相关的文章,  第一次读不懂不要紧，认真仔细的多读几遍，把不懂的句子或段落找老师问明白。然后就是写文献评论, 说白了就是总结他人的文章。自己写文章，为什么还要总结他人的文章呢？老师和我说过任何学术研究类文章基本上都是建立在前人研究的基础上的。除非你的研究以前没任何人做过，不然的话都要写文献评论的。通过文献评论，读者可以了解前人的研究目的及成果，以及你要研究的原因。这个有因有果，才会串联起来，并吸引读者继续阅读你的文章。

一个好的开头是成功的一半。 这句话对于写学术文章同样受用。为什么呢？学术文章大都有Abstract， 文章简介，接着就是文献评论。如果能把前人特别是大牛的文章分析好，并和自己的研究串联起来，读者就会被你的研究吸引住，你的文章也就成功了一半。

如果大家喜欢的话，请在主帖里的“评分功能”里帮我打一下分，谢谢支持啦。



在写文献评论时需要注意一些事项。

首先要问自己以下问题：

1，所读文章或书的主题是什么，作者是怎样提出并发展这个主题的？

2，文章的主要论点是什么？作者怎样详细的例证他的论点？

3，文章的信息能给你什么启发？你能否联想到任何与文章中研究有关的实际应用？

4，你怎样把每篇读过的文章分类？分类完的文章查找方便，事半功倍。

然后要略读一遍文章：

1， 向我前面所说那样，先读标题页的Abstract， 通过读这个，可以把文章归纳到你的文档分类中。还要问一下自己文章中的理论是解释了一种新的方法论，还是发布一种新的科学发现。

2， 文章中的报告是哪个学术机构或组织发布的，是不是专业权威机构？

3， 文章中可以能有的句子会被加黑，划线或者做特殊符号。这说明这些句子很重要，所以作者才会这么做。

4， 学术研究的结果和讨论是一篇文章的精华所在，所以要特别仔细的阅读。

略读完文章后，要仔细地再读几遍并分析文章中的论点，依据等等。

1，这篇文章是否遵循了正轨的科学研究步骤，并试着自己找出文章的主题所在。

2,  文章回答或解决了哪些重要问题？

3,  文章中哪些术语你不认识？做标记后查询。

4,  作者的研究结果是什么，有没有进行分析和解释结果的正确性？如果问题没有被解决，作者又给将来的研究这提供了哪些建议？

5,  如果你的观点与作者的有分歧，首先自己要找到足够的例证后再反驳。

6, 作者的研究成果及结论对你的研究有什么帮助？哪些内容可以作为你文章的正方例证或反方例证？

7，如果前人的研究已经很好了，我能从他们的研究中得到哪些经验？再怎样用一种创新的方法做出更好的研究？



先写这么多，这都是我本科写毕业论文时总结出的经验，希望对大家写论文有帮助。

yangyijane

thanks a lot.

judydongxueni

Writing a Literature Review

What is a Literature Review?

A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and it is usually organized chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format. It is not an annotated bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research in regard to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research.

A Literature Review is more than an Annotated Bibliography or a summary, because you are organizing and presenting your sources in terms of their overall relationship to your own project.

Purpose

A literature review is written to highlight specific arguments and ideas in a field of study. By highlighting these arguments, the writer attempts to show what has been studied in the field, and also where the weaknesses, gaps, or areas needing further study are. The review should therefore also demonstrate to the reader why the writer’s research is useful, necessary, important, and valid.

Audience

Literature reviews can have different types of audiences, so consider why and for whom you are writing your review. For example, a lot of literature reviews are written as a chapter for a thesis or dissertation, so the audience will want to know in what way your research is important and original. Highlighting the gap in knowledge which your research aims to fill is particularly important in this instance because you need to convince the reader that there is an opening in the area of study. A literature review in a proposal will similarly try to convince the audience of the significance and worthiness of the proposed project. In contrast, when you are writing a literature review for a course, your professor may want you to show that you understand what research has been done, giving you a base of knowledge. In this case, you may not need to focus as much on proving where the gaps in knowledge lie, but rather, that you know what the major areas of study and key ideas are.

Questions a Literature Review Should Answer:

Asking questions such as the following will help you sift through your sources and organize your literature review. Remember, the literature review organizes the previous research in the light of what you are planning to do in your own project.

What's been done in this topic area to date? What are the significant discoveries, key concepts, arguments, and/or theories that scholars have put forward? Which are the important works?
On which particular areas of the topic has previous research concentrated? Have there been developments over time? What methodologies have been used?
Are there any gaps in the research? Are there areas that haven't been looked at closely yet, but which should be? Are there new ways of looking at the topic?
Are there improved methodologies for researching this subject?
What future directions should research in this subject take?
How will your research build on or depart from current and previous research on the topic? What contribution will your research make to the field?
Length

The length of a literature review varies depending on its purpose and audience. In a thesis or dissertation, the review is usually a full chapter (at least 20 pages), but for an assignment it may only be a few pages.

Structure

There are several ways to organize and structure a literature review. Two common ways are chronologically and thematically.

Chronological:  In a chronological review, you will group and discuss your sources in order of their appearance (usually publication), highlighting the changes in research in the field and your specific topic over time. This method is useful for papers focusing on research methodology, historiographical papers, and other writing where time becomes an important element. For example, a literature review on theories of mental illness might present how the understanding of mental illness has changed through the centuries, by giving a series of examples of key developments and ending with current theories and the direction your research will take.

Thematic:  In a thematic review, you will group and discuss your sources in terms of the themes or topics they cover. This method is often a stronger one organizationally, and it can help you resist the urge to summarize your sources. By grouping themes or topics of research together, you will be able to demonstrate the types of topics that are important to your research. For example, if the topic of the literature review is changes in popular music, then there might be separate sections on research involving the production of music, research on the dissemination of music, research on the interpretation of music, and historical studies of popular music.

No matter which method you choose, remember:  Within each section of a literature review, it is important to discuss how the research relates to other studies (how is it similar or different, what other studies have been done, etc.) as well as to demonstrate how it relates to your own work. This is what the review is for: don’t leave this connection out!