再问 GWD-1-Q41 E选项

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GWD1-Q41:Leaching,the recovery of copper from the drainage water of mines, as a method of theextraction of minerals, it was well established as early as the eighteenthcentury, but until about 25 years ago miners did not realize that bacteria takean active part in the process.
A.   as a method of the extraction of minerals,it was well established
B.   as a method of the extraction of mineralswell established
C.   was a well-established method of mineralextraction
D.   was a well-established method of extractingmineral that was
E.  had been a method of mineral extraction, wellestablished

OA:C
E中well established为什么会有歧义？


根据manhattan讲的mission-critical原则：A "mission-critical" modifier falls between. This modifier is often an Of phrase that
defines the noun. The less important modifier refers to the noun plus the first modifier.
怎么会有歧义呢？established不是应该修饰 a method of mineral extraction这个整体吗？


另外had been的时态明显比正确答案C好啊，18世纪明显早于25 years ago，用过去完成时和过去时更能体现时间先后关系啊


跪求解惑。谢谢！

Cybill

对于一个eternal fact 而言，用完成时明显不好

332

LZ问怎么会有歧义呢？established不是应该修饰 a method of mineral extraction这个整体吗？


为啥不能修饰mineral extraction？
当然有可能修饰mineral extraction，所以产生歧义。

liuyuanlynn

我也选成了E，所以google了一下，以下是manhattan中的大牛Ron对E的讲解：
inappropriate tense.
if the past perfect is used to describe a state or description of something (as opposed to an action verb), it should generally be used to describe a state/description that is no longer the case. since leaching is presumably still an extraction method (this is not the sort of thing that is subject to change), the past perfect is inappropriate.

also, the modifier (starting with "well established") shouldn't be a nonessential modifier, i.e., it shouldn't be set off by commas.
this isn't generally a difference that's tested, so i'll defer the explanation to the following thread, on which i wrote about it: post45536.html#p45536
after you read that part, you should better understand why the nonessential modifier doesn't work here.

mcs6436288

顶起。

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