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According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.

正确答案: A

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OG12 50看了所有的帖子,还是没找到满意的答案。。。希望再发一帖能终结这个问题。。。各种呼唤。。。。

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楼主
发表于 2012-5-4 11:07:06 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
50. According to some analysts, the gains in thestock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid therecession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in fora "soft landing" followed by gradual increase in the businessactivity.
A. that the economy willavoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come

B. in the economy to avoidthe recession , what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come

C. in the economy's abilityto avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, andinstead to come

D. in the economy to avoidthe recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come

E. that the economy willavoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many with it insteadcoming

OA:A



所有的问题主要就是集中在OG对于B/C/D3个选项的解释上


BWhat cannot replace that ;  the economy to avoid the recession  is awkward and unclear; rather to come doesnot complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically.

Q1the economy to avoid the recession  is awkward and unclear

看了Manhattan forum Stacey的解析,说这个confidence in economy 不符合语言习惯,应当使用that引导从句,自己也查了下longman,确实木有发现confidence in sb to do的,基本上都是confidence in sb/sth,所以说就是因为后面跟了to do这个表达方式就是不符合习惯的对咩咩???????


answer:习语问题+句意含义问题,done




Q2 rather to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically.


这个问题没得到满意的解释,再顶。。。。顶。。。。。

answer:rather to do这个结构是一个错误结构,,,

至于下面讨论中提到的rather adj to do的问题跟这个问题不是一个话题,,,,


C  instead to come  does not complete the second part of thesentence idiomatically。

Q3:不太明白,顶

(D)the recession must be followed by  that

Q4:这里这个定从 的that不能省略,因为要避免并列的歧义?可是有啥歧义呢?

rather to come does

not complete thesecond part of the sentence idiomatically.


Q5:同B/C,不明白,顶


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23#
发表于 2012-7-11 22:30:17 | 只看该作者
明白了。

Although the relative clause modifies an object, still "that" is needed in this sentence. Because there we have two subordinate clauses and one of them is contained within another. "that many had feared" clearly defines the recession, not the confidence (therefore the possibility of "the confidence many had feared" is eliminated)
22#
发表于 2012-5-16 23:39:07 | 只看该作者
这里同位语的理解,参看斑斑的帖子~
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-633482-1-1.html?SearchText=og%2050
-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/5/16 8:59:07)


en 看了版主的话,从避免歧义角度和更好的平行角度来理解,觉得这种层面的判断已经蛮难的了。。。。
还有,这个不是同位语,这个是定语从句。
teddy为什么要说是同位语啊?
-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/16 20:13:25)



对呀~~这个明明是定语从句啊!我的脑子这几天又被驴踢了,反复说同位语是干嘛~~~
21#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-16 20:13:25 | 只看该作者
这里同位语的理解,参看斑斑的帖子~
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-633482-1-1.html?SearchText=og%2050
-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/5/16 8:59:07)

en 看了版主的话,从避免歧义角度和更好的平行角度来理解,觉得这种层面的判断已经蛮难的了。。。。
还有,这个不是同位语,这个是定语从句。
teddy为什么要说是同位语啊?
20#
发表于 2012-5-16 10:42:54 | 只看该作者
My mistake, 第二个to可以省略的~找到了一个正确句子:

OG12-Q71:
Unlike the original National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy, where the models are encased in glass or operated only by staff members, the Virtual Leonardo Project, an online version of the museum, encourages visitors to "touch" each exhibit and thereby activate the animated functions of the piece.

语意上,touch each exhibit 和 activate the animated functions 平行。所以activate前面and后面省略了一个to。


在作“而是”这个含义的时候后面都是跟的do或者doing,例如我们很熟悉的表达prefer to do rather than do等等,所以我觉得这里虽然是to avoid与to come是平行的成分,但是根据rather这个词的特点,后面的to come应当改为come。

这个只是我个人的看法,也不敢肯定,一起讨论下吧。

这里我突然间想到一个不定式平行的规定,如果是两个不定式平行或者作比较的话,第二个to一般都不省略的。但是有三个或以上的不定式并列的话,通常后面两个不定式的to都省略。
不定式或者介词的平行结构中第二个to或者介词都是很灵活可以省略的,你说的两个不定式的话第二个to必须存在我不确定,但是我确定的是介词结构两个并列的话(and连接),第二个介词可以省略也可以不省略,这一点我确定。




-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/7 11:27:02)



-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/5/12 10:55:39)


-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/15 21:03:19)

19#
发表于 2012-5-16 09:03:31 | 只看该作者
在作“而是”这个含义的时候后面都是跟的do或者doing,例如我们很熟悉的表达prefer to do rather than do等等,所以我觉得这里虽然是to avoid与to come是平行的成分,但是根据rather这个词的特点,后面的to come应当改为come。
这个只是我个人的看法,也不敢肯定,一起讨论下吧。

这里我突然间想到一个不定式平行的规定,如果是两个不定式平行或者作比较的话,第二个to一般都不省略的。但是有三个或以上的不定式并列的话,通常后面两个不定式的to都省略。
不定式或者介词的平行结构中第二个to或者介词都是很灵活可以省略的,你说的两个不定式的话第二个to必须存在我不确定,但是我确定的是介词结构两个并列的话(and连接),第二个介词可以省略也可以不省略,这一点我确定。

今天再看我紫色字的回帖我觉得有点不妥,有点断章取义的感觉。这个第二个to有省略的时候,但是也要具体情况具体分析。歧义的时候总不能省了呀~恩恩~这题这样讨论是不对的~

18#
发表于 2012-5-16 08:59:07 | 只看该作者
17#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-15 21:03:19 | 只看该作者
1 and 2(算在一个问题里面,嘿嘿,我说下自己的看法):我知道to do一般是表目的用法,但是放在这个题目的句子中,童鞋你不觉得growing confidence in the economy to avoid the recession , what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come很容易的就会把这两个to do视为平行结构吗?或者我的 疑问是为什么不能视为平行结构。
我的想法其实同你的解释2蛮符合的,我后来是认为rather 这个词后面没有跟to do
我觉得rather如果在comparison里面,后面加to do没什么不妥呀~这里只是confidence in sb./sth. to do不合规定而已。
确实没见过rather 后面跟to do的,包括平行结构,所以我现在觉得可能只要见到rather to do这个结构就可以直接kill了。。。还不100%确定,再看看
(我查了longman,rather在作
fairly or to some degree含义的时候可以跟to do,但是含义上差了很多,这里不作考虑,例如——I was rather surprised to see him with his ex-wife.)
这里不是rather接不定式的情况。这里rather仅仅是一个adv.做修饰作用,表示程度,原句意就是I was surprised to see him with his ex-wife.、
跟rather的什么搭配是没关系的。
嗯,这里我明白
在作“而是”这个含义的时候后面都是跟的do或者doing,例如我们很熟悉的表达prefer to do rather than do等等,所以我觉得这里虽然是to avoid与to come是平行的成分,但是根据rather这个词的特点,后面的to come应当改为come。

这个只是我个人的看法,也不敢肯定,一起讨论下吧。

这里我突然间想到一个不定式平行的规定,如果是两个不定式平行或者作比较的话,第二个to一般都不省略的。但是有三个或以上的不定式并列的话,通常后面两个不定式的to都省略。
不定式或者介词的平行结构中第二个to或者介词都是很灵活可以省略的,你说的两个不定式的话第二个to必须存在我不确定,但是我确定的是介词结构两个并列的话(and连接),第二个介词可以省略也可以不省略,这一点我确定。



-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/7 11:27:02)


-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/5/12 10:55:39)

16#
 楼主| 发表于 2012-5-15 20:52:53 | 只看该作者
According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing," followed by a gradual increase in business activity.
(A) that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come
(B) in the economy to avoid the recession, what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come
(C) in the economy's ability to avoid the recession, something earlier in the year many had feared, and instead to come
(D) in the economy to avoid the recession many were fearing earlier in the year, and rather to come
(E) that the economy will avoid the recession that was feared earlier this year by many, with it instead coming



所有的问题主要就是集中在OG对于B/C/D3个选项的解释上


(B)What cannot replace that ;  the economy to avoid the recession  is awkward and unclear; rather to come doesnot complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically.
Q1:the economy to avoid the recession  is awkward and unclear

看了Manhattan forum Stacey的解析,说这个confidence in economy 不符合语言习惯,应当使用that引导从句,自己也查了下longman,确实木有发现confidence in sb to do的,基本上都是confidence in sb/sth,所以说就是因为后面跟了to do这个表达方式就是不符合习惯的对咩咩???????

longman上面confidence的例句:

Our first priority is to maintain the customer's confidence in our product.
The survey reveals alack of confidencein the police.
She had complete confidence in the doctors.
Opinion polls show that voters havelost confidence inthe administration.
可以看出"confidence in sb./sth." in后面的东西是直接导致confidence的原因。
是在抱歉隔了几天才回复了这个帖子
嗯,confidence如果后面跟in的话就是直接 的confidence in stb/sb了,不能再跟其他复杂的语义结构了,清楚鸟

还有一个是不定式to do的用法,参考ManhattanP250:
'Infinitives may serve as nouns, adjective, or adverbs.'下面是三种用法的例句。
noun: I love to swim.
Adj.: The person to meet is here.
Adv.: Sue paused to eat lunch.

然后我们再看这题B/C其实可以用语意去解决。
A. the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidencethat the economy will avoid the recession.
B. the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence in the economyto avoid the recession.
A/B的意思是有差别的。
A想表达the gains reflect confidence
what kind of confidence?the confidence that the economy will avoid the recession

而B表达的是the gains in the stock market reflect growing
confidence in the economy
the gains in the stock market reflect confidence in order to avoid
the recession('to avoid" serves a verb modifier, a goal,目的状语)
B是表达不出A的那种意思的,因为confidence in sth. to do sth.没有这个搭配。所以rather后面的那个并列结构也是错的。而且rather是adv.,不能用作conj.并列两个部分,至少前面也要加and。

看了teddy的这段话我反而彻底理解独立8楼的MM的留言的意思。这里这个to avoid我不太同意teddy的看法,是作verb modifier,因为前面的句子中只有一个reflect这个动词,做verb modifier的话那么就是修饰reflect,那么意思就成了reflect confidence这个动作的目的是to avoid confidence, 不make sense。
8楼MM的说法应该就是这个to avoid是作的adj,修饰其紧跟的economy,而且我们知道不定式不论是做noun modifier还是adverbial modifier都是表示目的的,那么正如8楼MM所说,economy自己应该是没有神马目的的,在正确的句子中表达出的意思是economy自己有能力去避免XX,而并不是economy自己有目的去避免XX;另一方面就是teddy说的意思上confidence in XX,后面的XX是confidence的所在体,而confidence that是描述的这个confidence内容,也就是对后面的整件事有confidence。所以正如8楼MM和teddy所说,语义上差别也蛮大的,而且这个错误的to avoid的语义说不通,不make sense。
总结一下这个小点——一方面是confidence in 习惯用语的原因,另一方面是语义上的原因。
this question is done!
Q2: rather to come does not complete the second part of the sentence idiomatically.


这个问题没得到满意的解释,再顶。。。。顶。。。。。

上面Q1回答了~~~
嗯,明白;confidence的内容是1economy to avoid XX  ,2economy come inXX;这里因为B前面结构的原因,后面这个rather to也没表达出本想表达的意思。
(C)  instead to come  does not complete the second part of thesentence idiomatically。


Q3:不太明白,顶


同Q2回答,就是前面confidence的问题。

(D)the recession must be followed by  that


Q4:这里这个定从 的that不能省略,因为要避免并列的歧义?可是有啥歧义呢?


同位语从句的that是不能省的,我翻了一下Manhattan和笔记都没有找到具体的rules。但是我是记得同位语从句的that是不能省的。
同位语从句?如果你们理解为同位语从句的话那么后面的fear就是不及物动词咯?但是我不太同意是同位语从句噢。因为什么呢?同位语是对其所指代的名词性成分的内容进行解释说明,但是这里呢,D中的recession many were fearing earlier in the year后面这个many were fearing显然不是描述的recession的内容(比如说失业率高达多少多少、经济负增长多少多少,这些是recession的内容),而这个many were fearing不是描述的recession的内容,因此这里这个不应当是同位语从句,我认为还是一个定语从句,并且that在这个定从中作宾语,因此可以省略。。。。
所以我还是没搞懂为什么不能省略和OG的意思,我哪里想错了的话请指正呐
rather to come does not complete thesecond part of the sentence idiomatically.
Q5:同B/C,不明白,顶
跟Q2、Q3一样。





-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/4 11:07:06)


-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/5/12 10:31:12)

15#
发表于 2012-5-12 10:55:39 | 只看该作者
1 and 2(算在一个问题里面,嘿嘿,我说下自己的看法):我知道to do一般是表目的用法,但是放在这个题目的句子中,童鞋你不觉得growing confidence in the economy to avoid the recession , what many feared earlier in the year, rather to come很容易的就会把这两个to do视为平行结构吗?或者我的 疑问是为什么不能视为平行结构。
我的想法其实同你的解释2蛮符合的,我后来是认为rather 这个词后面没有跟to do

我觉得rather如果在comparison里面,后面加to do没什么不妥呀~这里只是confidence in sb./sth. to do不合规定而已。

(我查了longman,rather在作
fairly or to some degree含义的时候可以跟to do,但是含义上差了很多,这里不作考虑,例如——I was rather surprised to see him with his ex-wife.)

这里不是rather接不定式的情况。这里rather仅仅是一个adv.做修饰作用,表示程度,原句意就是I was surprised to see him with his ex-wife.、
跟rather的什么搭配是没关系的。

在作“而是”这个含义的时候后面都是跟的do或者doing,例如我们很熟悉的表达prefer to do rather than do等等,所以我觉得这里虽然是to avoid与to come是平行的成分,但是根据rather这个词的特点,后面的to come应当改为come。

这个只是我个人的看法,也不敢肯定,一起讨论下吧。

这里我突然间想到一个不定式平行的规定,如果是两个不定式平行或者作比较的话,第二个to一般都不省略的。但是有三个或以上的不定式并列的话,通常后面两个不定式的to都省略。


-- by 会员 zhongshanlh (2012/5/7 11:27:02)

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