One of the earliest known birds with a beak and contour feathers, Confuciusornis sanctus, with large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them to climb up to a launching position for flight.
(A) with large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them to (B) with large clawlike "thumbs" on their wings, which probably helped it to (C) had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, which probably helped them (D) had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, probably to help it (E) had large clawlike "thumbs" on their wings, probably to help it 由单复数判断选D,但是commma+不定式不是错的么?如og30题: 30. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears. (A) a method to protect (B) as a method protecting (C) protecting (D) as a protection of (E) to protect 答案很明显选C,在解释E项时og说“Although the infi nitive to protect would work if it were not preceded by a comma, it cannot act as a nonrestrictive adjectival phrase modifying ‘items’ ”,这么一说不是comma+不定式是错的嘛?难道两道题中不定式的作用与用法不一样,求赐教!!!在线等!
姐姐,我想请问一下,第一题,had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, probably to help it 这里怎么从句意上 判断comma+to help是作为adverbial modifier来修饰前面一句话的,而不是像C选项一样用which 来引导定语从句修饰wings呢?(虽然我知道C选项错在后面的them指代错误)
因为在我看来,要是“comma+to help”要是作为adverbial modifier 来修饰前面一句话,主语是Confuciusornis sanctus的话,那么后面的“to help it”是否应该改成“to help itself”呢?就是这点让我误认为“to help it”是用来修饰wings的,但正确答案不是这样,求姐姐指教,谢谢啦!
我觉得对于Prep 2-13, babybear姐你理解的不是很正确, 因为后面to do并不是一个adv的修饰,因为adv的修饰一般而言是可以被省略的从而不影响整个句子的表达,
而且用why/where.how的提问方式来判定是定语还是状语我觉得不是很准确,
比如说
The skyscraper in the distacne is a five-star hotel
He likes reading books in the reading room.
第一个句子是介词短语是定语,如果用why/where/ how 去判定的话就是状语了,这个明显是错误的,所以我觉得我们应该看这个短语的修饰对象是什么,是名词(定语)还是一个动词(状语)或者是整个句子(状语)
第二个句子的in the reading room, 是一个状语的修饰,把in the reading room 除去,并不会影响整个句子的主意:he likes reading books, 同时,部分修饰的是整个句子,也可以说是修饰了read这个的动作
但是这里看D的话,
One of the earliest known birds with a beak and contour feathers, Confuciusornis sanctus, had large clawlike "thumbs" on its wings, probably to help it climb up to a launching position for flight.
这里的 “probably to help it climb up to a launching position for flight.”并不是一个可以省略的掉的成分,您分析的是作为一个类似于原因状语的成分,但是其实这个成分修饰的不是动词,也不是整个句子,而是修饰的thumbs 是一个名词,所以这是一个 不定式作为定语的存在。
我又自己翻了一下语法书, 《大学英语语法》, 在作为定语的部分解释说, 作定语的不定式可以含义情态意义, 相当于May, can, must, will, would, 或者should所具有的含义,而这里前面有一个probably,可能就是在表示推测, 含有情态意义的动词,都有表示猜测的含义。所以我觉得是分词做定义。
关于OG 30, 就十分简单,是现在分词短语作为后置定语。
定语:现在分词和不定式的区别
不定式做定语
修饰主句的名词, 相当于一个定语从句,表示动作即将发生! 含有情态的意义,具体已经阐述
同时还有独立主格:with/without + 名词+不定式 -->作定语 WITH all the world TO SPEND, the boy was spoiled.
其余的是一些固定搭配,具体基本上语法书都会列举
这就是为什么,很少能够看到“,+ to do”的形式作为定语,xdf把它作为一个split的原因,因为实在是太少了,但是不知道也会被坑。。。。
还想问问baby姐30题B、D那两个选项,OG的解释实在是太含糊了。暂且不看a method指代items这个错误用法,animal-hide shields were items of military equipment, as a method protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears. 这个as部分还是同位语吗?还是介词短语修饰前面的items?不知道我有没有说清楚,就是不太明白as在这里是什么成分。谢谢姐姐~
-- by 会员 teddybearj4 (2012/4/20 20:30:06)
我觉得 B、D 选项如果 作为介词的话 as 前面的逗号要去掉,因为只有做介词的时候才有 “作为” 这个解释。as 前 加了逗号,as似乎变成了一个连词。 再者,我觉得 as 做介词的话 修饰的就是句子主语 animal-hide with wooden frames 但是 根据 OG 解释,划线部分 是要 解释 items of military equipment 的效用.