今天看MANHATTAN发现关于分词修饰和跳跃指代的疑惑

miss绿光

1. 句末分词
****以前我对句末分词的理解是：
不加逗号，就近修饰。
加了逗号，修饰主语/整句，表示伴随：伴随动作/伴随结果。
这两天看了一些题目，发现对分词的用法有点抓不准了。
****MANHATTAN里是这样说的：
-Ing Form is flexible.
1. modify noun: the changing seasons
2. modify verb 及其subject
2. modify entire clause
****昨天忘了在哪儿看见的了，也是说分词很灵活，在句尾还可以表示对内容的补充，表示means等等（疑惑一）。
那么，MANHATTAN的一个例句：
The problem was identified, using the lastest technology.
以前我看这个明显就知道是错的：既不能修饰problem表伴随，又不能修饰整句表结果。
但是现在我confused了…不是可以表示补充么？那我这个就是补充的一种方法啊？
另外,OG-30题，
For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment, a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
(A) a method to protect
(B) as a method protecting
(C) protecting
(D) as a protection of
(E) to protect
OG的解释是：In this sentence, protecting properly introduces a modifying phrase revealing the purpose of the items. 这又是什么用法？（疑惑二）
我觉得最近看的语法有点杂，彻底晕了……
2. 跳跃修饰：
MANHATTAN在ADVANCED -- MODIFIER章节里面，提到了一个exception of TOUCH RULE, 其中有一个就是说：
A short non-essential phrase intervenes and is set off by comma.
那么，OG-107：
Originally developed for detecting air pullutants, a technique called proton-included X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and criminology.
D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it
OG说里面的which incorrectly and illogically modifies emission,这不是用逗号隔开了嘛…而且called... 明显是non-essential的，符合TOUCH RULE的exception，应该是可以跳跃修饰啊……
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麻烦大家了，有点蒙…

小陈冲鸭

miss绿光 发表于 2012-2-15 23:19
PREP Q210： which：which倾向于指代裸奔的名词，或者在<核心词+简单修饰语>结构中，它可以跳过简单修饰语 ...

请教一下最后一句话的意思！
which在句尾指代意群结构时，也显得很awkward
意群结构是指什么呢？能不能举个例子？

亲亲麦小兜

mark了，明天读

babybearmm

绿光啊，永远不要去justify错误句子。
一个错误句子，读者甲理解成A这个意思，读者乙理解成B这个意思。这两个读者相互争论自己的理解才是正确的，有意义么？错误的句子就是错误，正因为句子错误，作者没有表达清楚他应该表达的本意，所以才会造成读者的不同理解，就这个道理。所以，我们知道这个which错了，就够了，讨论一个错误的which应该指代什么，没有任何意义，non-issue。有这功夫该去justify正确句子。

OG就直接说D句子里which就近指代"emission"，这没错，你理解也没错。
但是饭饭就问了，她说：“那我可以认为 'a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission' 是一个插入的 mission-critical modifier，根据Manhattan里，exceptions to the touch-rule的第一种情况，就是存在"mission-critical" modifier的时候我们可以跳跃修饰啊....那你怎么解释？"
所以说，当时我写那段话是有目的的。因为我要跟饭饭解释，什么叫做"mission-critical" modifier。我的思路是：判断一个modifier是否"mission-critical"，就把那个modifier去掉看看。所以为了检验，我才把中间那部分", called proton-induced X-ray emission,"去掉，写成了D'句子，然后在D'句子里发现很明显的问题。
逻辑上，相当于OG提出一个argument，饭饭提出质疑，我顺着饭饭的思路得出矛盾，从而反驳饭饭的对OG的质疑，也就是说就是我在strengthen the argument.

关于你新的看法.....我更愿意强调"mission-critical"，因为我发现很多同学都在纠结这个跳跃修饰的问题，什么时候允许，什么时候不允许。说白了，万变不离其宗，宗就是什么叫做"mission-critical"。
比如这里就有同学提问
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-598582-3-1.html

你再看看A:
____, a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission, which _____
这里"called proton-induced X-ray emission"就是missional-critical modifier。因为你假如把这部分去掉，你说"a technique"，鬼知道"a technique"是啥。你必须要define，你说"a technique called proton-induced X-ray emission"，这样读者才知道你说的是什么。所以这个句子里，which就跳跃了"mission-critical modifier"，然后就近修饰"technique".

不要把CEO那个例子和"a way of dodging the opponents"混为一谈。"a way of dodging the opponents"就是在诠释什么叫做"mission-critical modifier".

今天再看，又不懂了。
Originally developed for detecting air pullutants, a technique called proton-included X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and criminology.
D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it
baby姐说：

那么在你给的107D： D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it 你来试试把中间那个你认为的"A short non-essential phrase" that "intervenes and is set off by comma"部分去掉看看： 107D'. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it 看到了吧，这个which怎么看怎么不对....第一，which该换成that; 第二，语法上看应该就近修饰"air pollutants"，但与逻辑意思不符

但是OG说的是which有指代emission的嫌疑，但是A没有。which应该也可以跳跃修饰，见P234 A new CEO has been hired who....的例子。
现在我有点新的看法，不知道对不对：

“a technique called proton-included X-ray emission,which” 类似与 He had a way of dodging opponents that...这里面of结构放在别处很awkward，且本身很短，所以that就可以跳跃修饰了。 但是，“ A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which” 里面called proton-induced ... 明显是被隔开的，则不适于跳跃修饰原则（这个解释感觉不好）；感觉yiayia的解释可以apply here：这里面technique离的太远了，跳跃困难。

我知道不能再牛角了现在，但是考虑到which/that的跳跃修饰还是比较important的一点，再来发问。

-- by 会员 miss绿光 (2012/2/15 23:11:27)

miss绿光

PREP Q210： which：which倾向于指代裸奔的名词，或者在<核心词+简单修饰语>结构中，它可以跳过简单修饰语去指代核心词。但是，which绝对不可以在SVO结构中跳过V去指代主语；which在句尾指代意群结构时，也显得很awkward

miss绿光

Or, is there some recommended threats about this point on the foreign forums?

miss绿光

今天再看，又不懂了。
Originally developed for detecting air pullutants, a technique called proton-included X-ray emission,which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine,archaeology,and criminology.
D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it
baby姐说：

那么在你给的107D： D. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it 你来试试把中间那个你认为的"A short non-essential phrase" that "intervenes and is set off by comma"部分去掉看看： 107D'. A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destorying it 看到了吧，这个which怎么看怎么不对....第一，which该换成that; 第二，语法上看应该就近修饰"air pollutants"，但与逻辑意思不符

但是OG说的是which有指代emission的嫌疑，但是A没有。which应该也可以跳跃修饰，见P234 A new CEO has been hired who....的例子。
现在我有点新的看法，不知道对不对：

“a technique called proton-included X-ray emission,which” 类似与 He had a way of dodging opponents that...这里面of结构放在别处很awkward，且本身很短，所以that就可以跳跃修饰了。 但是，“ A technique originally developed for detecting air pollutants, called proton-induced X-ray emission, which” 里面called proton-induced ... 明显是被隔开的，则不适于跳跃修饰原则（这个解释感觉不好）；感觉yiayia的解释可以apply here：这里面technique离的太远了，跳跃困难。

我知道不能再牛角了现在，但是考虑到which/that的跳跃修饰还是比较important的一点，再来发问。

yiayia

同感，sc不能死记硬背所谓的语法规则，融通是关键！

babybearmm

oh got cha~

哈哈，好句子啊好句子！批改我不敢，我是坏坏地出个题目，从你那里借鉴下思路，算是brainstorming啦

“105的原句在主语前有两个modifier，修饰不明”
我觉得105的修饰很明确哦

相当于主语前面有内外两层的修饰
[In her book  *illustrations* (, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,) ]  Beatrix Potter

里面那层是修饰"illustrations"

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/14 0:02:01)

你写的这个是正确答案~~就是我借鉴的写法
我说的是原句A~但是我也说错了，不是主语前，是主语后~
OG: The participial phrase does not clearly modify the noun in the preceding phrase.

-- by 会员 miss绿光 (2012/2/14 0:12:36)

miss绿光

哈哈，好句子啊好句子！批改我不敢，我是坏坏地出个题目，从你那里借鉴下思路，算是brainstorming啦

“105的原句在主语前有两个modifier，修饰不明”
我觉得105的修饰很明确哦

相当于主语前面有内外两层的修饰
[In her book  *illustrations* (, which she carefully coordinated with her narratives,) ]  Beatrix Potter

里面那层是修饰"illustrations"

-- by 会员 babybearmm (2012/2/14 0:02:01)

你写的这个是正确答案~~就是我借鉴的写法
我说的是原句A~但是我也说错了，不是主语前，是主语后~
OG: The participial phrase does not clearly modify the noun in the preceding phrase.