Season 3——manhattan 47(已点评）

Sophia001

47. During the twentieth century, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe evolved from the theoretical to the practical; the field of physical cosmology was made possible because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and the better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects.
   A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   B    by both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also
   D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also
   E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and

解析：
Theunderlined portion of the sentence introduces two idioms: "made possible by"and "both X and Y."  The former idiom is incorrectly presentedin the sentence as "made possible because of."
(A)The choice is incorrect as it repeats the original sentence.
(B) CORRECT.  This choice uses bothidioms correctly: "made possible by" and "both X and Y."
(C)This choice corrects the first idiom ("made possible by") butintroduces a new error by removing "both" and replacing it with"and also."  The construction "by... and also"requires the idiom "by X and also by Y."
(D)This choice repeats the original idiom error "made possible becauseof" and also introduces a new error by removing "both" andreplacing it with "and also."  The construction "becauseof... and also" requires the idiom "because of X and also because(of) Y."
(E)This choice presents the incorrect idiom ("made possible as a resultof") rather than the correct idiom, "made possible by."

题目点评:
由开头可以将题干分成三组AD，BC和E。Because of和as a result of 后面接表原因的状语，by 后面接表方式的状语。本题的关键在于弄清楚physical cosmology“变得可能”和“相对论”以及“能观察到相隔极远的天文物体的能力”之间的关系。显然，“相对论”和“观察。。。的能力”是作为手段，方式来使“physical cosmology"变得可能。如果用because of或者as a result of则表达“physical cosmology"变得可能是“相对论”和“观察。。。能力”出现的结果，就是后者必然后引起前者。虽然我们也不怎么懂“相对论”，但是还是知道物理宇宙学并不是单单因为“相对论”出现而产生，而是借“相对论”作为理论基础，借“观察能力”作为研究手段，才使这么学科的研究成为可能。中文的说法常常是这样“由于相对论和更好的观察远距离天体的能力（的产生），物理宇宙学这门学科（的研究）才变得可能。”但是并不是表明上面提到的两者之间是因果关系。所以要注意中英表示习惯的不同。同时sth be made+adj. by符合idiomatic.
A,D 排除，同时D中and前后连接应该对等，and because of才能表明and连接的前后都是表示原因，否则会引起the theory of relativity and the theory of better ability of...的歧义。
E同样由表原因而排除。
B和C比较，B中因为有词组both...and...明确表示and前后的内容都是by的宾语。而D中只有and时，则要用by...and also by...才能无误的表达清楚层次，不会引起类似于D的歧义。

思维点评：
一楼vanchaser对E分析的正确。不过C，D中的also是adv.可以有，表示强调。关键是and后要有by和because of.
二楼，because of 后面的成分都是是必不可少的，复杂应该不是排除其的理由。关于ＢＥ的选择请参见题目点评。
三楼，注意结构平行啊。
四楼的语感正确了，不过对于Ｃ和Ｄ要注意ａｎｄ的平行结构。
五楼，第一项分析的很赞，第二项的分析，由于类比另一道题的分析，稍微有点疑惑。因为ＯＧ５２题中，是代词被替换，是可以的。但是本题如果换成主动语态应该是“It is because of/by/as a result of..... that made physical cosmology possible."吧？另外，OG52关于A的错误，我认为是划线中的“her"不是多余的，就像我们写作文“对于约瑟芬来说，巴黎就她的是家。。。”也是可以这样用的，表达一种对她更深沉的感情吧。我认为A错误的地方在于第二个句子中的her离指代对象“Josephine"太远。而D选项中的Josephine作为第一句的主语时，第二句的her清楚的指代其，因此比A更好。求讨论。。。

本次精华帖：
五楼jofre
六楼amberrr

南瓜0729

47. During the twentieth century, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe evolved from the theoretical to the practical; the field of physical cosmology was made possible because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and the better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects.
  A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
  B   by both Einstein's theory of relativity and 意思改变
  C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also
  D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also
  E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and 不如A

balapupu

During the twentieth century, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe evolved from the theoretical to the practical; the field of physical cosmology was made possible because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and the better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects.
  A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and-->because of 后面不可以加句子.
  B    by both Einstein's theory of relativity and-->R, 因为前一句话是被动语态，用both..and..连接theory和ability可以很好的表达cosmology possible的原因，
  C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also-->and 前后不平行，应该在加一个by。
  D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also-->because of 后面不可以加句子，and前后不平行
  E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and

maxiv

47. During the twentieth century, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe evolved from the theoretical to the practical; the field of physical cosmology was made possible
   because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
the better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects.
  A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   感觉because前面缺一个be
  B    by both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   对
  C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also
   by A... and also B不平行，缺一个by
  D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also
   because of A ... and also B 不平行，同C
  E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   as介词短语只能修饰noun或者verb，如果是n就是修饰cosmology，如果是v就是made，逻辑都不通。

学到的东西
--------------------------------
made possible by的惯用组合

Because of和as a result of 后面接表原因的状语，by 后面接表方式的状语。

maxiv

47

A 对（做错了。不了解made possible by的idiom）
B by的因果关系不强烈
C and前后不并列，只有一个by
D and前后不并列（做错了。不了解made possible by的idiom）
E as不能引导原因（？）（做错了。不了解made possible by的idiom）

maxiv

Idiom句
我完败

Sophia001

五楼，第一项分析的很赞，第二项的分析，由于类比另一道题的分析，稍微有点疑惑。因为ＯＧ５２题中，是代词被替换，是可以的。但是本题如果换成主动语态应该是“It is because of/by/as a result of..... that made physical cosmology possible."吧？另外，OG52关于A的错误，我认为是划线中的“her"不是多余的，就像我们写作文“对于约瑟芬来说，巴黎就她的是家。。。”也是可以这样用的，表达一种对她更深沉的感情吧。我认为A错误的地方在于第二个句子中的her离指代对象“Josephine"太远。而D选项中的Josephine作为第一句的主语时，第二句的her清楚的指代其，因此比A更好。求讨论。。。
-- by 会员 Sophia001 (2011/11/14 7:10:23)

之后又仔细读了下，楼主说的对，to Josephine不是句中的关键部分而是补充部分，而代词一般修饰主语或宾语，很少修饰到补充或修饰部分中的名词
52题A选项的错误可能更在于，
1）除了OG中说的用Baker作主语与第二个句子主语相同，形式上更对称 （个人感觉挺浮云的，应该是better to have）
2）既然句中说了是 it was fashionable to be an expatriate，那么说明paris不是Josephine Baker的home，原句was her home意思就有些矛盾了，made paris her home就表示paris原来不是home，现在变成home了，逻辑上更好。求讨论

-- by 会员 jofre (2011/11/17 11:07:35)

同意

jofre

五楼，第一项分析的很赞，第二项的分析，由于类比另一道题的分析，稍微有点疑惑。因为ＯＧ５２题中，是代词被替换，是可以的。但是本题如果换成主动语态应该是“It is because of/by/as a result of..... that made physical cosmology possible."吧？另外，OG52关于A的错误，我认为是划线中的“her"不是多余的，就像我们写作文“对于约瑟芬来说，巴黎就她的是家。。。”也是可以这样用的，表达一种对她更深沉的感情吧。我认为A错误的地方在于第二个句子中的her离指代对象“Josephine"太远。而D选项中的Josephine作为第一句的主语时，第二句的her清楚的指代其，因此比A更好。求讨论。。。
-- by 会员 Sophia001 (2011/11/14 7:10:23)

之后又仔细读了下，楼主说的对，to Josephine不是句中的关键部分而是补充部分，而代词一般修饰主语或宾语，很少修饰到补充或修饰部分中的名词
52题A选项的错误可能更在于，
1）除了OG中说的用Baker作主语与第二个句子主语相同，形式上更对称 （个人感觉挺浮云的，应该是better to have）
2）既然句中说了是 it was fashionable to be an expatriate，那么说明paris不是Josephine Baker的home，原句was her home意思就有些矛盾了，made paris her home就表示paris原来不是home，现在变成home了，逻辑上更好。求讨论

amberrr

A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
        惯用法"be made possible by"，不存在因果关系
  B    by both Einstein's theory of relativity and
   C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also
        and also 前后平行
   D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also
        and also 前后平行
   E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
        不存在因果关系

jofre

47. During the twentieth century, the study of the large-scale structure of the universe evolved from the theoretical to the practical; the field of physical cosmology was made possible because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and the better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects.
  A    because of both Einstein's theory of relativity and
  B    by both Einstein's theory of relativity and
  C    by Einstein's theory of relativity and also
  D    because of Einstein's theory of relativity and also
  E    as a result of both Einstein's theory of relativity and

选B吧，逻辑上看后句中 Einstein's theory of relativity与better ability to observe extremely distant astronomical objects是并列关系，用both...and表达，CD选项中and also很奇怪
ABE选项比较困惑，选B原因如下：
1. because of与as a result of表示强烈的因果关系，但感觉这原句仅仅称述事实而非强调因果关系
2. 逻辑上看theory与ability是made possible动作的主语，正确答案在将被动语态转换成主动语态(并补上相应逻辑主语)后，应该仍然通顺：
A. (Theory and ability ) made the field possible because of theory and ability. 错
B. Theory and ability made the field of physical cosmology possible. 对
E. (Theory and ability ) made the field possible as a result of theory and ability. 错


有点类似于之前某位NN针对OG52题A选项错误之处的解释

52. To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long before it wasfashionable to be an expatriate, andshe remained in France during the Second World War as a performer
and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.
(A) To Josephine Baker, Paris was her home long beforeit was fashionable to be an expatriate,
(B) For Josephine Baker, long before it was fashionableto be an expatriate, Paris was her home,
(C) Josephine Baker made Paris her home long beforeto be an expatriate was fashionable,
(D) Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate,Josephine Baker made Paris her home,
(E) Long before it was fashionable being an expatriate,Paris was home to Josephine Baker,

正确答案：D

选项A错误之处： To Josephine Baker … her is redundant and awkward，这里her指代的是Josephine Baker，如果我们把这个指代的内容还原，那么原句变为：Paris was JosephineBacker's home to Josephine Backer long before .... 所以在这里的her是冗余的。