PP-17

fansea

PP-17
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

A.    merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
B.    as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include
C.    as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D.    mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E.    mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

本题答案是E

rather than 平行结构是本题的考点之一，rather than前面的as hunters of large animals 跟后面的 scavengers of meat 平行并列
我的疑问是为什么rather than 后面没有as 了呢？
as到底该不该省略呢？因为我一直认为有介词的并列短语，介词是不可以省略的呀~
困惑，谁来帮帮忙呀？

crazysin

PP-17
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including three wooden spears that archaeologists believe to be about 400,000 years old.

A.    merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including
B.    as merely scavenging for meat, have emerged from examining tools found in Germany, which include
C.    as mere meat scavengers, has emerged from examining tools found in Germany that includes
D.    mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, which includes
E.    mere scavengers of meat, has emerged from the examination of tools found in Germany, including

hazefog

问题出在include上。emerged from the examination of tools, 后面three wooden spears显然是tools而不是examination，而tools是复数，所以不能用includes.

jay871750293

在曼哈顿论坛上搜到的，RON对此的讲解，希望对楼主有帮助

note that "rather than" is a one-part signal - i.e., unlike two-part constructions such as "both ... and" and "not only ... but also", it lacks a left-hand part indicating the beginning of the first parallel element. therefore, you can choose to start the first parallel element wherever you want - meaning that you can choose to include or exclude "as" at your convenience:

(c)
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than as mere meat scavengers, has...
this parallelism is acceptable, but there are two undesirable things:
* "hunters OF large animals" isn't truly parallel to "meat scavengers"
* "meat scavengers" is awkward / unclear (you probably won't know this unless you're a native speaker of english and/or a writer)

(d)(e)
The new image of Stone Age people as systematic hunters of large animals, rather than mere scavengers of meat, has...
this is better parallelism (notice that "as" is excluded from the first part this time).
* note the EXACT parallelism between "hunters OF large animals" and "scavengers OF meat".

fdrandom

介词（尽量）补出原则，加上更好，只能视情况而定