白勇语法全解上的几个不懂的题，恳请各位大侠解答

bhchka

1. For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields with wooden frames were essential items of military equipment,a method to protect warriors against enemy arrows and spears.
这一题的（E）选项是 to  protect
我不知道为什么是错的，书上的讲解是：sth. is a military equipment ,表示一种状态，“sth. 是一种军事装备，目的是为了保护······”，“状态的目的”逻辑意思不合理，应该是“动作的目的”。
这个讲解是什么意思呢，to do sth. 不是动作的目的吗，求解！！！！
2  In June of 1987,  The Bridge of Trinquetaille, Vincent van Gough's view fo an iron bridge over the Rhone sold for $20.2 million and it was the second highest price ever paid for a painting at auction.
(A) Rhone sold for $20.2 milion and it was
(B) Rhone ,which sold for $20.2 million , was
(C) Rhone, was sold for $20.2 million,
(D) Rhone was sold for $20.2 million, being
(E) Rhone, sold for $20.2 million ,and was
这一题应该怎么选呢

bhchka

谢谢各位的详细解答，多谢了

laria_line

第二题还是关于同位语
句子结构是：
（In June of 1987, ） The Bridge of Trinquetaille, （Vincent van Gough's view of an iron bridge over the Rhone,) was sold for $20.2 million (the second highest price ever paid for a painting at auction).

简化完就是：
The Bridge of Trinquetaille was sold for $20.2 million.
梵高的那句话是对The Bridge of Trinquetaille的进一步解释，是它的同位语。
而the second highest price..那句是对$20.2 million的进一步解释，是它的同位语。

总之，两逗号中间的同位语省略不看，句子结构就出来了。

laria_line

第一题是这样的：
首先要明白 ,to do...这种形式是可以的，也就是说to do可以接在逗号后，这时候to do是做目的状语，修饰之前整个句子。第一题中逗号之前的句子是sth. is a military equipment，所以to do是修饰这整个句子的。逻辑上不通。

其次，题中的a method to protect是一个appositive，即同位语，同位语用来修饰名词a military equipment，是说这种军事装备是用来保护的方法，逻辑就通啦。

说到底是修饰句子和修饰名词的区别。

bhchka

第二题选C

anshanada

第2题是不是E啊，那个分词短语可以避免歧义，逻辑主语为主句主语，and前后并列主语一致省略。。。。

毛毛的臭脚丫

第一题貌似不定式不能跟在逗号后面