OG12 SC8紧急求助！！！！！

efish1

The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the
universe began in an explosive instant ten to twenty
billion years ago and has been expanding ever since.
(A)    that the universe began in an explosive instant
ten to twenty billion years ago and has been
expanding
(B)    that the universe had begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and had
been expanding
(C)    that the beginning of the universe was an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that has expanded

(D)    the beginning of the universe to have been an
explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago
that is expanding
(E)    the universe to have begun in an explosive
instant ten to twenty billion years ago and has
been expanding

OG上说D选项中最后的that is expanding 指代的是the beginning of the universe，为什么？、、
另外又说C选项上的that has expanded指代的是instant，完全不明白啊。。。，就近原则到底是咋回事啊，，，谁指代谁。。。为什么啊。。。请各位大侠们予以紧急详细的支援与指导。。。。。。感激不尽！

子升

B选项的过去完成进行时为什么不对呀

yiqing2012

应该说是一个句子结构层级的问题。

C: that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded

其中，the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 是一个【主系表】结构，是句子主干。然后that的话，修饰就指向了这个结构中的近邻名词，instant。


D: the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding

D中the beginning of the universe 【to have been an explosive instant..】这个【】中的内容，是the beginning of the universe的一个修饰语，that引导的从句也是一个修饰语。所以，在这道题里，可以认为其实【to have....】和【that从句】都起着同样的作用，所以修饰的对象应该相同。故是the beginning of the universe

-- by 会员 superbat28 (2012/2/7 17:58:37)

请问一下，那这里that为什么不修饰universe呢？我看了一下OG中的其它句子（因为that的例子没有找到，所以我找了which的，如果这两者中在这里的用法会有什么不同的话，希望你能指出来~O(∩_∩)O谢谢）：
1.In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creation of Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.
2、Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.
我之前还看过一篇帖子，http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1.html，上面说A of B,wihch结构和其他A+介词+B,which不太一样，A of B,wihch结构中which就近指代B，而非核心词A。

那么这道题中，the beginning of universe that is expanding中为什么OG答案上要解释说是指beginning,而不是像其它句子里一样就近指代universe呢？而且在两者都make sense的情况下，不是应该遵循就近指代的原则会比较好吗？


我之前还看过一篇帖子，http://forum.chasedream.com/archiver/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1.html，上面说A of B,wihch结构和其他A+介词+B,which不太一样，A of B,wihch结构中which就近指代B，而非核心词A。

那么这道题中，the beginning of universe that is expanding中为什么OG答案上要解释说是指beginning,而不是像其它句子里一样就近指代universe呢？而且在两者都make sense的情况下，不是应该遵循就近指代的原则会比较好吗？

潇湘妃子zwhj

C D 两个句子的结构和that指代还真是混乱啊~

实在接受不了两个差不多的句子修饰的对象不同。。。

另外，为啥没有人问E？

E在OG的解释是不parallel，但是其实正确选项A也不平行，and两边分别根据不同的时间词放了两个时态。

superbat28

应该说是一个句子结构层级的问题。

C: that the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that has expanded

其中，the beginning of the universe was an explosive instant 是一个【主系表】结构，是句子主干。然后that的话，修饰就指向了这个结构中的近邻名词，instant。


D: the beginning of the universe to have been an explosive instant ten to twenty billion years ago that is expanding

D中the beginning of the universe 【to have been an explosive instant..】这个【】中的内容，是the beginning of the universe的一个修饰语，that引导的从句也是一个修饰语。所以，在这道题里，可以认为其实【to have....】和【that从句】都起着同样的作用，所以修饰的对象应该相同。故是the beginning of the universe

peddy

up!!!up!!!up!!!

关于C项修饰instant，D项修饰the beginning of the universe的问题还是不清楚，还望给位NN指点一二。

-- by 会员 jefferson911 (2011/9/17 21:25:49)

同问！！！！

ileisure

还是不清楚啊！！强势顶起

jefferson911

up!!!up!!!up!!!

关于C项修饰instant，D项修饰the beginning of the universe的问题还是不清楚，还望给位NN指点一二。

engesi

还有C 中 that 指代的为什么是instant 而非 the beginning of the universe 啊？？

-- by 会员 alphattss (2011/3/26 21:17:48)

C的那个应该是因为就近原则，所以才修饰的是instant吧

leweiyang

GMAT语法分类里面有个800分语法总结，我觉得蛮好的，里面讲到whose/which/that就近指代原则。instant是最近的noun。