关于状语比较的一些心得，OG12-41，OG12-93

kevin0214

有CDer在问OG12-41时发了这两个句子，我在这两句话上纠结了一晚，试图解释。
1.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higer this year than last. （OG12-93 出自正确选项）
2. demographers have to know a great deal more than now .（OG12-41出自A选项，错误）
这两个句子乍一看差不多，但是仔细比较这两个句子，第一个在than 前面有一个this year跟后面的last对应，似乎就是这点导致了差别。研究了一晚的各种资料，终于找到一个自以为满意的解释，这里把我的分析整理成状语比较的一些规则，希望大家指正。
主要涉及的是状语的比较，至于主语宾语的比较大家可以参考gemj大牛的“比较之庖丁解牛”，写得深入简出，是GMAT比较题型的顶级武功秘籍。我这里想对状语的比较进一步分析是因为状语比较似乎不像gemj所说的直接加在than后面就可以，有时候我们发现似乎需要补出主谓。于是我尝试总结了一些规则，然后查阅OG12和ecsniffer作的大全所有比较题型总结，找了一些例题来支持我的解释，很希望大家能够找到更多的例子或者反例来参与讨论，求拍砖。
一、如果从句的主谓语和主句一样（包括时态）的话可以省略（不一样的时态不能省略谓语，可以省略主语）,但是剩下的状语成分在主句中应该有一个对应的状语而且位置在than前面。如果主句没有一个对应的状语的话，从句必须补出主谓，可以用代词it does这样的结构来充当主谓。这种例子有很多很多，大家应该都见到不少了，其实就是一个比较对象平行的问题。如
大全156.Balding is much more common among White males (B) than among males of other races. 这是省略主谓的情况
299.Florida will gain another quarter-million jobs this year alone, many of them in (D) such high-paying fields as electronics and banking, making the state’s economy far more diversified than it was ten years ago.这是要补出主谓的情况。句子结构就是the state's economy is far more diversified than it was ten years ago

二、但是，如果这个状语被其他到句首而主句倒装，这时虽然状语不在than之前，省略主谓的规则依然可以适用。
如OG12-138. In no other historical sighting did Halley’s Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910–1911.（正确句子）

三、特别地，如果是省略主谓后剩下的是时间状语的话，时态不一样的谓语也可以省略，因为时间状语已经表达了时间的差异，不同时态的谓语省略可以接受。这也是上面句子一所表达的。
764.The gyrfalcon, an Arctic bird of prey, has survived a close brush with extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970’s.
(A) extinction; its numbers are now five times greater than
(B) extinction; its numbers are now five times more than
(C) extinction, their numbers now fivefold what they were
(D) extinction, now with fivefold the numbers they had
(E) extinction, now with numbers five times greater than
the key:A。比较考点：比较对象。now——when the use of DDT was sharply restricted in the early 1970's

四、如果时间状语在句首修饰但主句没有倒装，那么从句不能主谓都省略，必须保留谓语动词来明确从句的时态。
652.Since the movie was released seventeen UFOs have been sighted in the state, more than had been sighted in the past ten years together.

但是这些规则的应用必须以逻辑意思明确为基础，不能硬套，比如以下这题：
875.Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.
(A) small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their
(B) small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their
(C) small cars that are more fuel-efficient than those at any other time in
(D) more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their
(E) more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in
the key:C 这里就不是时间状语的比较，虽然结构上A完全符合时间状语的比较规则（状语刚好分在than的两边），但是逻辑意思不对：首先比较的对象不应该是时间状语而是make的宾语cars，时间只是修饰cars的，作为定语，不像上面的例子作状语修饰的是整个句子；其次主语有时间修饰或者有与时间有关的形容词（表达随时间变化的意思）如Increasing，rising修饰的时候，省略主语有时会造成逻辑错误，如本题中today’s technology allowed manufacturers to make cars at any time in their production history.显然错误。

还要注意区分状语比较与定语比较的区别。有时候，表示时间的介词短语作的是定语，这就是介宾短语比较，庖丁解牛中讲的很清楚，直接把介宾短语放在than 两边就好了，如以下这题：
359.In 1990’s, there are more babies born by women over thirty years old than under it.
(A) than under it
(B) than were they under it
(C) than had been under it
(D) than were the babies
(E) than those were under it
the key:A
这题有些特殊，介宾短语是修饰另一个介宾短语中的名词，所以不能像上一题一样用those代替，不能补出they are，也不能补出主语babies，甚至补出Under it直接修饰的women都是不对的……要补就要补出整个句子In 1990’s, there are more babies born by women over thirty years old than（babies born by women under thirty years old）.连under it似乎都不能用了。

欢迎大家拍砖！！

PriM

顶楼主！               

Mungerjimmy

mia113 发表于 2011-7-21 11:12
还有一个比较弱得问题：875.Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-effi ...

more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their  这种表达有歧义， more 既可以修饰 fuel-efficient  表示更省油的，也可以修饰 small cars 表示 数量更多的车，因此造成歧义产生

viainexam

mia113 发表于 2011-7-21 11:09
谢谢楼主的总结：在状语比较中，自己最不好把握的就是 什么时候可以省略主谓，什么时候不能之前一直觉得， ...

这个的考点在于their和they都是指代错误，原句中Nepolean‘s army是possessive noun，后面无法指代Nepolean，只可指army，然而army是singular，不是plural，所以只有E正确

jannis

z53495532 发表于 2012-10-27 09:26
谢谢楼主的总结：在状语比较中，自己最不好把握的就是 什么时候可以省略主谓，什么时候不能之前一直觉得 ...

the army had suppliers 目的是for某次compaign. D错误的原因其实是their代词错误，army是singular word

z53495532

有定论了，我在其他帖子里找到解释了
Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than （it had had ）for any previous campaign， it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
than有关系代词的性质，在比较分句中作宾语。than 做代词指代 supplies,  It had 因为跟后面主语的 it had 相同省略掉了，但我觉得这样的题考试时候根本想不到这一块啊，也只能通过其他的错误点来排除选项了

z53495532

谢谢楼主的总结：
在状语比较中，自己最不好把握的就是 什么时候可以省略主谓，什么时候不能
之前一直觉得，如果时态不一致，是不能省的· 后来发现其实也有省略的例子，比方楼主举得的第三点：如果有时间状语（已表达了时间的差异）
但是有个例子我不是很明白：
OG 198
198. Although Napoleon’s army entered Russia with far more supplies than they had in their previous campaigns, it had provisions for only twenty-four days.
(A) they had in their previous campaigns
(B) their previous campaigns had had
(C) they had for any previous campaign
(D) in their previous campaigns （E ）
(E) for any previous campaign
主句时过去时，从句为过去完成时，时态不同。但是正确选项中指保留了状语
而且than前面也没有与之对应的时间状语· 为什么E就是对的吖··如果E对为什么D不对了？
本人比较方面的确很差，希望大家能够帮帮我··谢谢了··

-- by 会员 mia113 (2011/7/21 11:09:32)

先谢谢楼主的总结，另外同问这道题， 看正确 答案用的是 for开头，难道是平行省略后面的主句介宾 for only twenty-four days 吗，这好像也不对啊

gaiguangxin

wangjieava23

652.Since the movie was released seventeen UFOs have been sighted in the state, more than had been sighted in the past ten years together.

had been sighted的补出或许不是为了明确从句时态，只是单纯的未倒装问题，贴个类似的句子（下句来自prep08正确句子）：

Only seven people this century have been killed by the great white shark, the man-eater of the movies—fewer than have been killed by bee stings.

-- by 会员 aeoluseros (2010/12/15 12:06:15)

未倒装问题。不是很懂，能再详细解释吗？

wangjieava23

补充一下:
仔细拜读了LZ的解释后，又把白勇语法的比较读了一下，结合LZ的题目，这里有一个普遍规律的，就是要在比较前后的2个部分的结构要一致的基础上应用省略原则。比如
主谓宾状 than 主谓宾状，如果在状语不同的情况下比较，那么基于一致即可省略的原则，就只留下状语。例如LZ的例子:
1.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higer this year than last. （OG12-93 出自正确选项）
2. demographers have to know a great deal more than now .（OG12-41出自A选项，错误）
2之所以错误是因为前面没有状语，而后面只留下状语。
这个和LZ的总结基本一致。
和LZ有不同看法的是这个题目。其实也是一个主谓宾状的结构，A不对，是因为any other，必须用any other排除前一个从句所描述的范围。
换句话说，A和C作如下修改也是正确的。

但是这些规则的应用必须以逻辑意思明确为基础，不能硬套，比如以下这题：
875.Today’s technology allows manufacturers to make small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any time in their production history.
(A) small cars more fuel-efficient now than at any other time in their
(B) small cars that are more fuel-efficient than they were at any time in their
(C) small cars that are more fuel-efficient now than thoseat any other time in
(D) more fuel-efficient small cars than those at any other time in their
(E) more fuel-efficient small cars now than at any time in

拍砖，拍砖，共同进步~~~

-- by 会员 三零年代 (2010/11/7 14:31:20)

先标一下，对这种说法的支持。再慢慢看别的。