which的跳跃指代到底怎么个跳跃法？实在书糊涂了，诚恳求教

luopite

PREP2007-PART2-29
Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life ,the river in San Antonio winds through the middle of the unisiness district, and the River Walk, or Paseo del Rio, is the city's most popular attraction.
A.Unlike many United States cities, where a river is no longer the focal point of urban life ,the river in San Antonio
B.Unlike the river in many cities in the United States, which is no longer the focal point of urban life, in San Antonio  the river
C.Today the river in many cities in the United State is no longer the focal point of urban life, unlike San Antonio , where it
E.No longer do many cities in the United State have a river as tehe focal point of urban life, but in San Antonio  the river
答案是E，我选B。
根据语法笔记的解释，B中的which就近指代United State。从逻辑上来说which明显是不能指代US的，那么为什么就不能跳跃指代句子的主语river呢？记得以前有看到过一个帖子，楼主问某选项为什么错，我就回复说which就近修饰逗号前面的对象是不对的。然后就遭到了大家的一致反驳，说which是可以跳跃指代的，不一定就是修饰逗号前面紧邻的那个词。
问题就在这里了呃，which如果是跳跃指代的话，什么时候可以跳跃呢？什么时候又是就近指代呢？
Additionally，个人觉得B中间the river in many cities这个说法是有问题的，特指的the river按照字面上的意思来理解是不是many cities都拥有这同一条河呢？逻辑上应该是每个城市都有自己的河，所以这里the river感觉有问题。同时，E中no longer do many cities，这里no longer修饰的是cities吧，原文中的no longer可是修饰river的，这里是否存在修饰对象变化的问题呢？我就是这么想才把E给飞掉了。

求各位大大的指点，不胜感激。

jbc88

in San Antonio  the river  和the river in San Antonio 有啥很大的区别吗？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 18:58:59)

如果不考虑我前面说的the river in many cities这个问题，我反而觉得the river in San Antonio比in San Antonio  the river 要来的好。根据逻辑意思前面这句话说的应该是一个泛指的情况，很多城市里面的河，那么这个泛指的对对象就是rivers。那么在圣安东尼奥，这里如果是要和前面泛指的rivers做比较，最严格的对仗应该就是the river in in San Antonio，特指圣安东尼奥的河，这样比较的对象就直接是泛指的许多城市里的河和特指的圣安东尼奥的河。in San Antonio  the river ，把状语放在river前面，对仗的形式反而不如the river in San Antonio 了。

-- by 会员 luopite (2010/10/14 19:13:05)

恩，那为啥B不选呢？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 20:23:23)

所以我不是在问么……我个人觉得是the river in many cities的问题，the river是特指一条河的，但是原文表达的意思应该是很多个城市都有那个城市自己的一条河吧。然后给出解答的大大说前后比较对象是不对称的，但是事实上我觉得the river in in San Antonio和in San Antonio  the river  都是指的是Antonio的河，比较对象没有问题。至于定论？我也不知道

-- by 会员 luopite (2010/10/15 19:40:57)

和你完全一摸一样的问题。。。

顶~

luopite

in San Antonio  the river  和the river in San Antonio 有啥很大的区别吗？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 18:58:59)

如果不考虑我前面说的the river in many cities这个问题，我反而觉得the river in San Antonio比in San Antonio  the river 要来的好。根据逻辑意思前面这句话说的应该是一个泛指的情况，很多城市里面的河，那么这个泛指的对对象就是rivers。那么在圣安东尼奥，这里如果是要和前面泛指的rivers做比较，最严格的对仗应该就是the river in in San Antonio，特指圣安东尼奥的河，这样比较的对象就直接是泛指的许多城市里的河和特指的圣安东尼奥的河。in San Antonio  the river ，把状语放在river前面，对仗的形式反而不如the river in San Antonio 了。

-- by 会员 luopite (2010/10/14 19:13:05)

恩，那为啥B不选呢？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 20:23:23)

所以我不是在问么……我个人觉得是the river in many cities的问题，the river是特指一条河的，但是原文表达的意思应该是很多个城市都有那个城市自己的一条河吧。然后给出解答的大大说前后比较对象是不对称的，但是事实上我觉得the river in in San Antonio和in San Antonio  the river  都是指的是Antonio的河，比较对象没有问题。至于定论？我也不知道

jbc88

in San Antonio  the river  和the river in San Antonio 有啥很大的区别吗？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 18:58:59)

如果不考虑我前面说的the river in many cities这个问题，我反而觉得the river in San Antonio比in San Antonio  the river 要来的好。根据逻辑意思前面这句话说的应该是一个泛指的情况，很多城市里面的河，那么这个泛指的对对象就是rivers。那么在圣安东尼奥，这里如果是要和前面泛指的rivers做比较，最严格的对仗应该就是the river in in San Antonio，特指圣安东尼奥的河，这样比较的对象就直接是泛指的许多城市里的河和特指的圣安东尼奥的河。in San Antonio  the river ，把状语放在river前面，对仗的形式反而不如the river in San Antonio 了。

-- by 会员 luopite (2010/10/14 19:13:05)

恩，那为啥B不选呢？

luopite

in San Antonio  the river  和the river in San Antonio 有啥很大的区别吗？

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/14 18:58:59)

如果不考虑我前面说的the river in many cities这个问题，我反而觉得the river in San Antonio比in San Antonio  the river 要来的好。根据逻辑意思前面这句话说的应该是一个泛指的情况，很多城市里面的河，那么这个泛指的对对象就是rivers。那么在圣安东尼奥，这里如果是要和前面泛指的rivers做比较，最严格的对仗应该就是the river in in San Antonio，特指圣安东尼奥的河，这样比较的对象就直接是泛指的许多城市里的河和特指的圣安东尼奥的河。in San Antonio  the river ，把状语放在river前面，对仗的形式反而不如the river in San Antonio 了。

jbc88

gmat928 ：其实我懂那些题目是怎么做出来的。

但是that的指代 我想找个确切的方法确定其指代。我也看了你的说的，似乎都是逻辑意思的推出的~

jbc88

in San Antonio  the river  和the river in San Antonio 有啥很大的区别吗？

gmat928

我有疑问：如果按照 gmat928总结的which指代规律，B选项中 in many cities in the United States不是介词结构in...吗 那which不是可以指代the river吗？

-- by 会员 xyh133 (2010/10/14 11:20:22)

B的问题在于unlike的平行，前面是river in many cities，后面应该是the river in San Antonio.

关于which的指代，我认为PREP笔记中的解释欠妥。因为这里的which是可以跳跃指代river的，只是跳了两个介词结构，有点牵强。。。

我做这个题的时候是比较了BE才排除了B的。

gmat928

供参考

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1-1.html

-- by 会员 gmat928 (2010/10/10 19:39:43)

你的确是个有心人！

我看了您的大作，似乎还是没太明白。您说的从属关系。而从属关系毕竟是从句意中提炼的。

小弟恳请您解释我以下几个例子！不胜感激涕零！！！！！

2。The discovery of glass being expandable and able to be shaped by human breath revolutionized glassworking to such an extent that today "glassblowing" has become the generic term for all glassworking, whether the glass is blown or formed by other techniques.

(A) of glass being expandable and able to be

(B) of glass that is capable of expansion and

(C) of glass being capable of expansion and that it can be

(D) that glass can be expanded and it is able to be

(E) that glass can be expanded and

答案为E that指代glass  


无语啊，都是A OF B。。。。从属结构怎么看出？

望路过大牛也不要手软，教教我，骂我都可以！

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/10 22:53:51)

这个我不知道你的疑惑在那里？

我做这个题是这样想的。

首先考虑discovery后面该是of还是that。如果是of后面的一大堆内容都只是在修饰glass，而that则能清楚地表达发现了glass能怎样。。。
二者在意思上的区别就是
of表示“发现了一个能XXX样的glass”
that表示“发现glass能怎样”
显然这里用that是正确的，排除ABC，比较DE。

根据平行结构和简洁原则，选E。

gmat928

供参考

http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-441459-1-1.html

-- by 会员 gmat928 (2010/10/10 19:39:43)

你的确是个有心人！

我看了您的大作，似乎还是没太明白。您说的从属关系。而从属关系毕竟是从句意中提炼的。

小弟恳请您解释我以下几个例子！不胜感激涕零！！！！！

1。The development of a new jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost.（OG103）

这里的that又去修饰The development 。

-- by 会员 jbc88 (2010/10/10 22:53:51)

The development of a new jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States into its next phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost.

(A) The development of a new jumbo rocket that is expected to carry the United States
into its next phase of space exploration will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and at a lower cost.

(B) The development of a new jumbo rocket is expected to carry the United States
into its next phase of space exploration and be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle.

(C) The new development of a jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States
into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit at a lower cost than the space shuttle.

(D) A newly developed jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States
into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle can, and at a lower cost.

(E) A newly developed jumbo rocket, which is expected to carry the United States
into its next phase of space exploration, will be able to deliver a heavier load of instruments into orbit than the space shuttle and to cost less.


A中的that指代jumbo rocket没有问题，A的问题在于development deliver a heavier load逻辑意思错误。

解题思路：

首先明确是development deliver a heavier load，还是jumbo rocket deliver a heavier load，很明显是后者正确，所以排除ABC，看DE。

DE的区别在于比较结构后面是否补出动词（helping word），本题中比较结构前半部分有宾语a heavier load，所以后面必须补出助动词can，避免歧义。

因此答案为D