提供几道很有争议的语法题的比较有道理的解答

qxrita

这几道题出现困惑的频率比较高，因为搜到了一个比较好的解答，我就直接抱上来了。

著作权属原帖作者所有，没有经过本人同意很抱歉。

只是为了方便大家查阅而已！

原帖地址：http://www.chinavalue.net/Blog/448659.aspx
里面还有很多几篇语法解答的文章，大家可以参考参考


Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that competeone day may be partners the next.

A.Whereas lines of competition are clearly defined in the more established industries, in the Internet industry they are blurred and indistinct, as companies that compete
B.Although the lines of competition are clearly defined in industries that are more established, they are blurred and indistinct in the Internet industry, as competing companies
争议题，答案是B，个人认为此句应该是强调对比的关系，不是让步转折，而且competing company变成partner不符合逻辑，应该是company变成partner呀，很困惑。
--------这道题目有问题，WHEREAS和ALTHOUGH差别不在与让步，因为两个都有让步的意义，所以选项差别不在这里。竞争对手也会变成合作伙伴，这是对的，也正是合乎前面说界限划分清楚的转折。唯一能解释的就是句子的结构问题，as companies that compete不是很好，compete with whom?? With each other?所以，改成competing companies更好一些。

Although improved efficiency in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvest rates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boostingconsumption.

A.in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvestrates, it will stimulate demand by increasing supply and lowering prices, thereby boosting
B.in converting harvested trees into wood products may reduce harvestrates, demand will be stimulated because of increasing supply andlowering prices, which boost

也是争议题，答案给B，但是认为B的which指代有问题，而且A表述的很清楚，不知老师怎么看？
---------这题无争议，看来大家对指代的理解还是有问题。一定一定要理解题目的出题原则。题目中的IT到底指代什么？非常不清楚，是improved efficiency还是reduced harvest rate? B选项变成被动的结构另起炉灶就很清楚了，反正说的是demand等发生了变化即可。

自己对GMAT中的which/that的具体指代对象问题有点困惑，它总共有两种指代方法，一个是最近的名词，还有个是句子中的某一成分。有时认为按照逻辑意思可以清楚地判断指代对象，但又说有歧义，感觉没有什么规律，也可能是自己总结没到位，不知老师有什么规律能帮助判断的吗？什么时候可以跳跃指代，什么时候指代临近的词？
---------可以简单地用这么一个原则，我在阅读的事后基本已经想不起来，都是凭借语感了。在考试的时候，用这个原则试一试，你看看有没有效果：1. which和that若指代前面全部和整体意义，肯定正确；2.若是就近指代和跳跃指代分不清，则是就近指代为主，看意思清楚以否选择；3.跳跃指代一般考试以WHICH为多，大多情况下不做最佳选项。

Sound can travel through water for enormous distances, prevented from dissipating its acoustic energy as a result of boundaries in the ocean created by water layers ofdifferent temperatures and densities.
A.its acoustic energy prevented from dissipating by
B.preventing its acoustic energy from dissipating by
B的错误是不是preventing的修饰对象有歧义呢，可能是distances或是sound，那能不能总结认为一句话句首句尾都是名词，后面接doing的形式就会有歧义呢，可能做后置定语，也可能是伴随状语？
--------这里考的考点你没有搞清楚。Preventing是动名词短句，修饰的主语是sound，你说声音自己能防止自己的能量流失吗？不对。肯定是第三者来防止sound才对。而A选项是一个自成一体的被动短句，句子中的过去分词prevented修饰的就是its acounstic enenergy。这才正确。

According to recent studies comparing the nutritional value of meat from wild animals and meat from domesticated animals, wildanimals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think isgood for cardiac health.
A.wild animals have less total fat than do livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat they think is
----不对，这里用do就不对，应该是that of。而且，这个they是谁？好别扭！什么是more of a kind of fat?这个说的也反了，应该把of a/some/other kind放在名词后面。
B.wild animals have less total fat than livestock fed on grain and more of a kind of fat thought to be
---------不对，比livestock的什么多？没说明。
C.wild animals have less total fat than that of livestock fed on grain and have more fat of a kind thought to be
答案给的C，但是按C的比较意思不是wild animals既有total fat又有livestock的fat了吗，不make sense啊，A是不是错在they指代问题呢，B比较后面应该加个do呀，感觉每个选项都有问题，不知老师怎么看？
----------没有问题，一定要加强语感，A,B读起来就像嚼蜡，C读起来就顺多了。另外，记住这道题的do（动作）和that of（状态或性质）的差别。

Roughly one-half of the world’s population, including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia also, is wholly dependent on rice to be its staple food.
-------一读到这个also我就觉得浑身不舒服，这里放一个also也太不对劲了，因为前面没有独立任何东西，“也是这样”从何而来？注意east and southeast是并列结构的。
A.including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia also, is wholly dependent on rice to be
B.including virtually all of East and Southeast Asia, is wholly dependent on rice as
不知A选项是不是错在also上了，depend to be和depend as有区别吗？
-------没见过depend to be和depend as的用法，举个例子？这里depend on和be dependent on正确。
Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,get better gas mileage, allow passengers to get in and out more easily, and have a smoother ride.

A.Minivans carry as many as seven passengers and, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

B.Minivans, carrying as many as seven passengers, compared with most sport utility vehicles, cost less,

A中carry, cost，get，allow，have是构成平行结构吧，如果是这样的话，平行结构不是要么每部分前面均有and，要么只有最后一个有and，前面不用加，为什么A中compared前面还要加and呢？觉得B选项相比之下更好一下啊，不知自己的想法错在哪里？
-------这道题考的就是一个结构和句式的统一，平行结构不是carry, cost，get，allow，have这些动词，而是他们在句子中在carry as many as后都是比较级的说法，cost less, get better, more easily, have a smoother ide,所以把状语性质的as comapred to单独出来，必须加and，这就正确了。B也可以，很勉强，因为有两个从句，一个ING一个过去分词开头的从句放在一起，很混乱。

enjoygmat2013

最后一道题正好也遇到了。看了Ron的解释之后觉得茅塞顿开。分享给大家看。
“there's a problem of semantics (meaning) with (d). the modifier "...carrying..." seems to signify that the latter traits are only true of minivans when those minivans are actually carrying the requisite number of passengers. if they aren't, then all of a sudden those things aren't true anymore.

choice (a) correctly uses the conjunction "and", which implies that both things are true but don't necessarily have to do with each other (i.e., the # of passengers is independent of the other claims).”

alexandrahs

沙发，辛苦了。LZ好人好报！！！恭喜