请教OG12-28 关于过去分词修饰对象的问题

keepdreaming

请教各位牛牛

Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their own elaborate society, based on cultivating such crops like corn and beans, the harvesting of fish, and exploiting other wild and domestic resources.

(B)     based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish, and the exploitation of
(C)     and basing it on the cultivation of crops like corn
and beans, harvesting ? sh and seafood, and the
exploiting of
(D)     and they based it on their cultivation of crops
such as corn and beans, the harvest of ? sh and
seafood, and exploiting
(E)     and they based it on their cultivating such crops
like corn and beans, their harvest of ? sh and
shell? sh, and they exploited

本题答案选择B没有异议. 我的问题是: 在类似语境下如何判断"based"这一过去分词的修饰对象? 这种结构中的过去分词修饰的对象,是前句的主语, 还是前面整个一个句子,还是离它最近的名词"society"?

有没有一个语法规定,句子+过去分词结构中, 过去分词修饰的一定是离它最近的名词?

与此相反, 句子+现在分词结构中, 现在分词修饰的一定是前面的整个句子?

谢谢大家!

lisa83

挺详细的，谢谢

红尘道士

多谢各位回复,找到一篇精华帖讨论这个问题, 过去分词放句首,修饰主语. 句中/句尾,修饰紧前名词.

再顶下牛人的帖子
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-9076-1-1.html

-- by 会员 keepdreaming (2009/11/25 10:18:29)

很有用，谢谢

keepdreaming

多谢各位回复,找到一篇精华帖讨论这个问题, 过去分词放句首,修饰主语. 句中/句尾,修饰紧前名词.

再顶下牛人的帖子
http://forum.chasedream.com/GMAT_SC/thread-9076-1-1.html

zhaoyiqing

不同意1楼的
无论有没有逗号过去分词都是修饰紧前

keepdreaming

但是这里有逗号, based修饰的是前面的society啊.

yhwut

好像如果分词前有逗号是修饰整句的，无逗号修饰前面紧跟的名词