关于前位限定词double, twice等的问题 OG 11 No.4等题

genimix

本人一直对double, twice等用法的题目感到十分困惑，特别是其在句子中的成分问题

4.   A survey by the National Council of Churches showed that in 1986 there were 20,736 female ministers, almost 9 percent of the nation's clergy, twice as much as 1977.

(A) twice as much as 1977

(B) twice as many as 1977

(C) double what it was in 1977

(D) double the figure for 1977

(E) a number double that of 1977's

 

答案是(D) double the figure for 1977

 

现又有如下同类题目：

21. According to surveys by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, about 20 percent of young adults used cocaine in 1979, doubling those reported in the 1977 survey.

(A) doubling those reported in the 1977 survey

(B) to double the number the 1977 survey reported

(C) twice those the 1977 survey reported

(D) twice as much as those reported in the 1977 survey

(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

 

答案是(E) twice the number reported in the 1977 survey

 

double, triple, 倍数词等在上两例中都是前位限定词，那么 “double the figure for 1977”和“ twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
”当然都是名词性结构，而名词性结构显然不可能是状语或定语，只能同位语。既然是同位语，那么它们应当是之前的主语或宾语的同位语。


“double the figure for 1977”之前宾语是“20,736 female ministers
”（“almost 9 percent of the nation's clergy”也是同位语），核心词是female ministers（“the nation's clergy”），那么“double the figure for 1977”的核心词figure与female ministers根本是两个不同概念范畴（一个是数字，一个是人），逻辑上说不通。


同理“ twice the number reported in the 1977 survey”是“about 20 percent of young adults”的同位语，但是“ twice the number reported in the 1977 survey”的核心词number 与“about 20 percent of young adults”的核心词adults也是两个不同的概念范畴（一个是数字，一个是人），逻辑上也说不通。



十分盼望高手指教，消除我的困惑

tankobe

double, triple, 倍数词等在上两例中都是前位限定词，那么 “double the figure for 1977”和“ twice the number reported in the 1977 survey
”当然都是名词性结构，而名词性结构显然不可能是状语或定语，只能同位语。既然是同位语，那么它们应当是之前的主语或宾语的同位语。

-- by 会员 genimix (2009/11/17 14:52:16)

这里的double和twice不是同位语吧？应该是修饰语。

给一个例句：In this workshop the output of July was 3.5 times that of January.

可将答案补充为：

20XX is double(=twice) the figure for 1977;其他几个答案在于比较形容词用错了。

比如我们不能说many/much figure, 所以ABC错。

D选项在于that无指代。that不能指代20XX这个数字，因为1977年的数字不是20XX.所以只能用the number/figure替代。

genimix

同意lcy19812000的说法，我原来也一直知道同位语的同位对象可以是任何名词性成分。但后来听了京东方赵丽说“同位语只能是主语或宾语的同位语”，才产生混乱。看来还是要多研究体会，不能轻信新东方老师们的说法

lcy19812000

figure当然指的是20736这个数字。
number是指20％这个数字。
这样能对上了吧。

同位语并不一定是指主句的主语或宾语，同位语可以指任何名词性成分，前提是要明确指代对象。
比如上两道题都明确说了是figure和number了，保证了你能找到唯一可能的同位对象，不会产生歧义，就是正确的句子。

sayysong

参与讨论，又找了几个例子来，这几题可以把double看作动词谓语来理解，如果句中已有谓语动词，则再用double会重复，故都采用twice。
1) The number of undergraduate degrees in engineering awarded by colleges and universities in the United States more than doubled from 1978 to 1985.
2) Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.
3) In 1980 the United States exported twice as much of its national output of goods as it did in 1970.

如果用上述思想去解释lz的第一题，假设double在这里做动词用，那么应该做非限制性定语从句(which double figure ...) 去修饰female ministers，但此时which不能省略，所以又说不通了。

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