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请教一道改错题

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楼主
发表于 2022-3-24 21:40:43 | 只看该作者 回帖奖励 |正序浏览 |阅读模式
请教一下这道题目,我看了官方解析还是有点没搞懂为什么C错了。我感觉两个都行

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地板
发表于 2022-4-13 22:16:30 | 只看该作者
我猜你可能就是想问这一类“more than was predicted”的特殊比较结构究竟是什么情况吧。

实际上这种句式,本质上跟你熟悉的一个句型原理是一样的,它就是:You should arrive as soon as (is)possible.

要说明这个原理,首先我们得从简单的比较状语从句说起。我们知道,所谓的主从句(也就是复合句)是由简单句复合而来的。

比如我我知道小明6岁,小王5岁。不过我只想表达小明比小王大:
Xiaoming is older than Xiaowang (is).

这个句子是由以下两个简单句复合而成:
Xiaoming is 6 years old.
Xiaowang is 5 years old.

复合方式是:用more来代表两句中的具体数值的相对关系,也就是红色部分合并为一个more,然后more old用older一个词来替换,再用than引导从句,将第二句与第一句连接,再省略掉重复的old,甚至be动词is:
Xiaoming is older(=more old) than Xiaowang (is old省略).

如果这里你能理解,那么来看这么个例子:
比如专家在去年时预测今年通胀率是3.0%,但今年我们实际发现是5.0%。先把两个简单句表达出来:
The inflation rate is 5.0%.
It was previously thought that the inflation rate would be 3.0%.

按照同样的规则,我们将两句复合:把5.0%和3.0%用higher来合并替换再把后句用than与前句相连,得到这样一句:
The inflation rate is higher than it was previously thought that the inflation rate would be

但很明显,这个句子中,than从句后面的内容,大量与前面内容重复,显得非常臃肿,而我们比较状语从句完全可以将重复的内容省略(在没歧义的前提下)。
注意到that从句的核心内容跟主句一模一样只是时态不同,所以连同that一起省略了,而这里的it不是指代inflation rate的,而是形式主语指后面的that主语从句,所以当that从句省略掉,这个it是没有存在意义的只能跟着一起省略,于是就有了这种看似没有主语的比较状语从句:

The inflation rate is higher than was previously thought.

当然,这个was是be动词也可以省略,于是也可以是这个形式:
The inflation rate is higher than previously thought.

可能你会纠结:it指代the inflation rate不可以么?然后句子写成这样:
The inflation rate is higher than it(the inflation rate) was previously thought.

我们反过来推理一下,假如是这样,那这个比较状语从句是由哪两个句子复合而来的呢?按照前面的结构反推,理论上应该是这样两个句子:
The inflation rate is 5.0%.
The inflation rate was previously thought 3.0%.
→The inflation rate is higher than it was previously thought.

但我们来看第二句:很明显第二句是个错误的句子,因为这里was thought本身是被动,句子主语inflation rate已经是think的接受者,后面这个3.0%没有合理的成分可以充当了,毕竟think不像consider一样可以直接跟一个名词/形容词做宾补。由于复合主从句的分句本身是错的,所以合并出来的比较状语从句同样是错的。

但是我们知道,think在被动情况下,可以跟to be做宾补,也就是说下面这句是可以的:
The inflation rate was previously thought to be 3.0%.
而如果将这句和主句合并,复合成的句子就是对的:
The inflation rate is higher than it was previously thought to be.

你会发现,假如非得用it指代inflation rate,那加一个to be就对了。

原理有一些复杂,不过有一个辅助理解的方式供你参考。简单来说,人们原本thought了的是“inflation rate would be 3.0%”这个命题或者说这件事,而不是thought了“inflation rate”这么一个名词概念,所以inflation rate要和be同时出现(it was previously thought to be),要么干脆就整个命题省略(was previously thought)

这个结构,OG里就专门考到过2次,prep里更是很多。我们小结一下,正确的几个用法:
1. The inflation rate is higher than previously thought.
2. The inflation rate is higher than was previously thought.
3. The inflation rate is higher than the economists previously thought. (这就是被动换主动了)
4. The inflation rate is higher than it was previously thought to be.


常见的错误用法:
1. The inflation rate is higher than it was previously thought(没有to be).
2. The inflation rate is higher than the economists previously thought it.(对think这个动词而言,主动用法加to be也错,你查词典就能看到think+to be只用于被动,不过如果换成predict/require之类的动词,是有加to be的主动用法的,这是个小的细节)

看上去确实比较复杂,不过不需要死记硬背,理解了原理之后,多读些同原理的句子培养语感就好,给你一些参考(看看是不是其实平时阅读中很常见):

1. The medicine is more effective than (was) expected.
2. The house was more luxuriously decorated than suited his taste.
3. She is prettier than I could imagine.
4. He works as hard as his boss requires.
5. Never give him more money than (is) necessary.
板凳
 楼主| 发表于 2022-3-27 10:38:33 | 只看该作者
亦麒 发表于 2022-3-25 10:44
你这个题和答案贴的。。。不是一道吧?

是的是的,我贴错题目了
谢谢提醒呀!!
沙发
发表于 2022-3-25 10:44:39 | 只看该作者
你这个题和答案贴的。。。不是一道吧?
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