【进阶日记】SC考点分类笔记（5）：语意（重要！）

雪姜姜

SC复习纲要：刷题到一定程度后，一味的刷题会导致成长的边际效应递减，适当刷题刷速+总结考点，才是成长的核心！

SC考点笔记-简介
1. 目标：以笔记的形式总结每一种SC考点，以及错题
2. lz学习背景：Gmatla 1v1课
3. 题目：毕出7套、Gmatla语法大全、OG、prep
3. 类型：以SC考点，如平行、伴随状语、同位语等，为分类依据，通过考点解析和错题解析，进行总结
注：以下均为Lz个人总结，欢迎纠错~

语意其实应该是第一章，是最关键的部分，没有语意理解，题做了都是白瞎~


考点5：语意
1. 核心要点：需要“能识别句子核心结构”，“每个核心结构中的核心词”和“说出句子中文意思” 3个点来判断句子的语意错误

1）关于句子核心结构：一个句子可以很长，但是最关键的结构一定是SVO

• 句子结构举例：The current economic downturn has significantlyreduced advertising income both for business journals and for general consumermagazines, especially thosefocusing on technology.
• 这计划的关键词如黄色部分，只有3个词，downturn reduce income
• 要做到在拿到每句话的时候，都能找出SVO核心句子成分，并能看出不同定语和状语对核心词的修饰作用
• 修饰举例：蓝色部分both for 做定语修饰income，强调收入下降的是商业杂志和用户杂志的收入；绿色部分是代词指代magazines
  

2）核心词：一个词组中的核心词

• 举例：a number of people，核心词是people
  

3）说出中文意思以自查：A do B, depending on C，A和C之间的中文意思为 A depending on C




基于上述要点，我们来看下题型
1）普通语意：掌握上述核心要点后，遇到的基础语意题型


Unlike mainstream American businesses, more thanhalf of which fail, the failure ratefor businesses in the Amish community hovers around 5 percent.

• Unlike mainstream American businesses, more than half of which fail
• Unlike mainstream American businesses, in which the failure rate is more than half
• Unlike mainstream American businesses, where more than half of them fail
• While the rate of mainstreamAmerican businesses failing ismore than half
  

• While more than half of mainstream American businesses fail
  

解析：
A：business和rate不可比
B和C：同A
D：本选项的错误在表语，因为选项的主语是rate，是一个比率，而表语是half，在逻辑上比率只能是50%（50percent）而不能是一半

Unlike computerskills or other technical skills, there is a disinclination on the part of manypeople to recognize the degree to which their analytical skills are weak.

• Unlike computerskills or othertechnical skills, there isa disinclination on the part of many people to recognize the degree towhich their analytical skills are weak.
• Unlike computerskills or othertechnical skills, which they admit they lack, many people are disinclined to recognize thattheir analytical skills are weak.
• Unlike computerskills or othertechnical skills, analyticalskills bring outa disinclination in many people to recognize that they are weak to a degree.
• Many people, willing to admit that they lack computerskills or other technical skills, are disinclined to recognize that their analytical skills areweak.
• Many people have a disinclination to recognize the weakness of their analyticalskills while willingto admit their lack of computer skills or other technical skills.
  

解析：unlike+名词表对比，这个词，要和主句主语能够平行

A：unlike skills，和，there is disclination这里有xxx不可比，不对

B：unlike skills，和，many people，不可比，skill只能和skill比，不对

C：unlike computer skill，和，analytical skills可比；但是主句为skills bring outa disinclination，skill不能主动发出bring的动作，不对

E： people have a disinclination，人们有一个不情愿，这句话不对，应该是人们不情愿做某事，而不是人们有不情愿

Because of asimilarity to dance, synchronized swimming—exhibition swimming in which the movements of one ormore swimmers synchronize to a musical accompaniment—is sometimes calledwater ballet, especially in theatrical situations.

• of one or more swimmers synchronize to
• of one swimmer or more is synchronized with
• of one or more swimmers are synchronized with
• by one swimmer or more is synchronized to
• by one or more swimmers synchronize to
  

解析：
首先，movements不能主动与音乐合奏，而是“被”合奏，需要+be动词+被动语态，A和E不对
其次，与xx合奏用with而不是to，D不对
最后，movements是复数，be动词用are，B不对，选C

The 151 member governments of the World Bank are expected to increase the bank's funding by $75 billion, though some United Stateslegislators cite an obstacle tocongressional passage being the concern that the bank's loans will helpforeign producers compete with American businesses.

• an obstacle to congressional passage being the concern
• a concern as an obstacle to congressional passage
• as an obstacle to congressional passage the concern
• the concern, an obstacle to congressional passage,
• as an obstacle for Congress to pass it the concern
  

解析：cite concern as obstable，svoc句型
A：cite an obstacle语意不对，“立法者cite一个困难”，而是“立法者cite一个担忧作为一个困难”
B：cite a concern as an obstable本身意义上没错，但后面that讲的是concern的内容，concern的是一旦提高银行fund，银行贷款将会帮助外国生产者与美国企业竞争，此处that修饰的是passage，不对
C：倒装句，cite the concern as an obstable，没错；后面that就近修饰concern，没错



2）时态语意：需要时刻提醒自己，中文翻译代入的重要性
As the former chair of the planning board for 18consecutive years and a board member for 28 years, Joan Philkill attended morethan 400 meetings and reviewed more than 700 rezoning applications.

• As the former
• The former
• Former
• She was
• Asthe
  

解析：
A：attended是过去时做状语，修饰attended时候的状态，代表这个人作为主席的过去时刻，参加了很多会，那么前面的as the former，翻译过来是“作为前主席，参加了很多会”，不对
E：正确，作为主席的时候，参加了很多会


The Swedish warship Vasa, sunk in 1628 and raised in 1961, waspreserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibitsthe growth of marine borers that in most seas devour every exposed scrap of asunken ship's wooden hull.

• was preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, where low salinity inhibits
• had been preserved in the cold water of Stockholm harbor, because of low salinity thereinhibiting
  

解析：sunk和preserved逻辑上，应该是先sunk，再preserved，但是2）中preserved用了过去完成时，不对

3）介词语意：过往词组积累即可

Each year companiesin the United States could saveas much as $58 billionannually bypreventing illness among employees and gain as much as $200 billion throughimproving performance of workers if they simply provided offices withcleaner air.

• in employee illness prevention and gain asmuch as $200 billion throughimproving performance of workers if they simply provided
• by preventing illness among employees andgain as much as $200 billion throughimproved worker performance if they simply provided
  

解析：Companysave 钱 byxxx方法，用by不用in

4）伴随语意：核心！经常遇到的题型
Astar will compress itself into a white dwarf, a neutron star, or a black holeafter it passes through a red giant stage, depending on mass.
解析：这句话是原题，语意肯定是不对的，after后面的It指代star，depending为伴随状语，逻辑主语为it，star depending on mass，翻译中文为星星取决于质量


5）句型语意：进阶语意题型，通过句型的不同判断语意的不同
SV和there be的差异
In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas intourban clusters, nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan out of a total population of some 116 millionpeople.

• In despite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters,nearly 5 million farm households are still in Japan
• In spite of the steady population flow out from rural areas into urban clusters,nearly 5 million farm householdsare still in Japan
• Despite the steady population flow from rural areas intourban clusters, Japan's farm households are still nearly 5 million
• Despite the steady population flow from rural areas tourban clusters, there arestill nearly 5 million farmhouseholds in Japan
• In Japan, despite the steady population flow outfrom rural areas into urban clusters, still there are nearly 5 million farm households
  

解析：
A：in despite，没有这样的用法，不对
B：in spite of想强调转折，前面是1）人口稳定的流出；后面是2）500w家庭仍然在日本，不可比
因为2）为主系表结构，这种结构表达的是主语的特征，500w家庭的特征是仍然在日本，这句话没法和前面1）形成转折

C：同B
D：后半句为，there are 500w househods，这里有500w家庭，可以和前半句“日本人口在流出”形成转折，正确
E：后半句虽然都是there are句型，但是in japan放前面做状语修饰东西are，表示“是”的状态是在日本，不顺，不对


SVOO


Researchers havechronicled changes in monsoon intensity that have occurred over tens ofthousands of years, with few of them that have examined variations inintensity over the smaller time scales relevant to human civilization.

• with few of them that have examined variations inintensity over
• with fewof them being examinedvariations in intensityfor
• but few have examined variations in intensity for
• but few having examined the variations in intensityover
• although few had examined variations in intensity over
  

解析：首先句子有转折的部分，虽然研究了很多，但是没有研究smaller tiem scales的变量，所以肯定是C和D选项中的一个正确

• 选项A：划线核心部分翻译为“with few of them”，因为后面that是定语先不翻译，变为“researchers have chornicled chanages”是“带着few of them”意思不完整
• 选项B：sb examined few of them variations，因为examine 为被动语态，所以是svoo，sb examined them(研究者) and variations，不对
• 选项D：缺少谓语动词
• 选项E：时态had不对，因为researcher have chronicaled changes和researcher examined variation这两件事是同时发生的
  

语意的题型不止是遇到类似题目需要，在拿到每一道题时，都需要“找核心成分”和“核心词”，最终“代入中文做精简的翻译”
养成习惯后，每道题会非常快的找到主要的考点，
因为定语、状语这类的考点，都是后期围绕核心部分，展开的~

欢迎纠错~