再请教OG22-953 Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms（star fish补腿题）

BloomPower

953. Starfish, with anywhere from five to eight arms, have a strong regenerative ability, and if
one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and
growing an extra one or two.
A. one arm is lost it quickly replaces it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating and
B. one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
C. they lose one arm they quickly replace it, sometimes by the animal overcompensating,
D. they lose one arm they are quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes
overcompensating,
E. they lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes with the animal overcompensating,

还是先列上原题
正确答案：B
看了很多讨论
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-1354201-1-1.html
https://forum.chasedream.com/thread-875651-1-1.html
都给出了精要的解析

但还是对于B和E之间的区分不太明白
B. one arm is lost it is quickly replaced, with the animal sometimes overcompensating and
E. they lose one arm it is quickly replaced, sometimes with the animal overcompensating,

B中实际上是通过独立主格（with+noun+noun modifier）来修饰前面的action/整句，但用and来连接“overcompensating”和“growing”，让我不能理解。
按照RON的说法，“and”在GMAT中表示两个动作是separate actions。
例如，I was hit by a bus, and I was late.
这个句子在GMAT里暗示：我的迟到，和我被车撞，没有半毛钱关系。
但B中，growing extra arms显然应该是overcompensating的结果，而不应当是separate actions。

E中则使用了“Comma Ving”的construction，growing extra arms可以修饰最接近的action（当然也可以修饰主句的action），而最接近的action恰好是animal overcompensating。
所以很可以把E选项理解如下：
the arm is replaced [, sometimes with animal overcompensating(, growing an extra one or two)]
为什么不可以呢？

另外，comma Ving修饰前面的action，并不要求前面的action一定是动词形式
Ron对此也有解释：
i'm not seeing how it could be an adjective—but that wasn't the point. the point was that "comma + __ing" can describe actions, even if they aren't grammatically verbs.
e.g.,
I dropped the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.
My sister looked through the window and saw me dropping the bags onto the floor, scaring the dogs.

both of these are fine.
the action that scared the dogs is my dropping of the bags.
in the first sentence that's actually a verb ("dropped"), while in the second it isn't ("droppING"—ING's aren't verbs). but, that distinction is irrelevant; the modifier works the same way for both.
参见：
https://www.manhattanprep.com/gmat/forums/comma-ving-t32932.html

难道独立主格就不能再用comma Ving修饰了吗？
请教各位NN！

alinacandoit

长丝弓 发表于 2021-9-24 22:47
网上查到，
关于and连接动词（或表动作的动名词），只要动作是并列的就可以了

我想问一下，with也是介词，为什么with+独立主格放在B里面就是可行的呢

hhhhhx123

同问

长丝弓

网上查到，
关于and连接动词（或表动作的动名词），只要动作是并列的就可以了


以下是GmatLa大神关于此题的分析：

选项分析：

A选项：在一个句子中，代词it如果反复出现，其必须指代同一个单数名词（they也是同样的道理）。本选项中it quickly replaces it显然是不正确的，这两个it在逻辑上应该指代不同对象。另外，by  the animal overcompensating中的by是介词，身后只能添加名词短语（注意区分这种情况和独立主格的情况）。因此，overcompensating必须为动名词短语（未划线部分的growing也是同理）。如果想给动名词短语添加逻辑主语，只能用所有格的形式，即：
animal‘s overcompensating。

B选项：Correct. 本选项在语法和逻辑上均是正确的。with the animal sometimes overcompensating是独立主格结构。

C选项：by  the animal overcompensating错误同(A)。

D选项：两个代词they在逻辑上指代对象应该是不同的，该指代错误同(A)。

E选项：overcompensating和growing均是animal发出的动作，两者应保持平行。因此，overcompensating身后不能加逗号。两者平列时，两者之间不能用逗号隔开。